10 Foundations of Education PDF

Educational Ideology in Oman Lecture 10: Contemporary Issues in Learning: Accommodating individual differences and Effective Learning Assoc. Prof. Dr. Merah Souad Faculty of Education and Arts, Sohar University Introduction “During the last 10–15 yea...

Educational Ideology in Oman Lecture 10: Contemporary Issues in Learning: Accommodating individual differences and Effective Learning Assoc. Prof. Dr. Merah Souad Faculty of Education and Arts, Sohar University Introduction “During the last 10–15 years, learning has become a key topic, not only for professionals and students in the areas of psychology, pedagogy and education, but also in political and economic contexts. One reason for this is that the level of education and skills of nations, companies and individuals is considered a crucial parameter of competition in the present globalised market and knowledge society.” (Knud Illeris, 2009) Also because learning is a very complex matter, It is also worth noting that whereas learning traditionally has been understood mainly as the acquisition of knowledge and skills, today the concept covers a much larger field that includes emotional, social and societal dimensions. Therefore, how to make it “HAPPEN” in the classroom seems to be one of the big challenges facing teachers in our contemporary education. Barriers to Learning Intended learning could happen at these 3 levels/situations 1. It does not take place (Non-learning) 2. Incomplete 3. Distorted/malformed (Mis-learning) Why may this happens? School-related Issues 1- Ineffective teachers 2- Inflexible curriculum 3- Lack of counseling services for ‘at risk students’ 4- School transitions 5- Weak administrative support 6- Size of the school/classroom 7- Negative school climate/culture 8- Poor classroom equipment and management 9- Peer influence 10- Different types of addiction Family-related Issues 1- Ethnic minority status 2-Single- parent and stepparent families or broken families 3- Parental employment 4- Low parental aspirations and expectations 5-Permissive or strict parenting style 6- Poor parental monitoring 7- Low parental involvement in school 8. Coming from Lower social classes Intra-personal Issues 1- Learning disabilities (Dysgraphia that is an impairment in written expression, Dyslexia that is a learning disability the affects either reading or writing, Dyscalculia that is a disability that affects Maths skills) ) 2- Depression and other mental illnesses 3- Alienation from school 4- Behavior problems 5- Poor self-concept and low sense of control 6- Negative self-fulfilling prophecy 7- Delinquent behavior 8- Incompatible learning 9- Earlier school problems 10-Boredom from lack of lessons relevant to their desired occupation 11- Bodily impairment (such as sensory loss) Differentiated Instruction Differentiation refers to adjusting the curriculum to each student's needs. This approach to instruction is successful because it uses flexible grouping and ongoing assessment, regardless of whether teachers differentiate material, process, products, or the learning environment. Differentiation is, at its most fundamental, the effort made by teachers to address student variance in the classroom. Differentiating instruction occurs when a teacher reaches out to a student or small group to tailor their lesson to produce the best learning experience possible. What to Differentiate? ❖In a differentiated classroom, commonalities are acknowledged and built upon, and student differences become important elements in teaching and learning as well. ❖Teachers can differentiate at least four classroom elements based on student readiness, interest, or learning profile that includes their level and how they learn: Content – what the student needs to learn or how the student will get access to the information; Process – The method of teaching and activities in which the student engages in order to make sense of or master the content; Products – culminating projects that ask the student to rehearse, apply, and extend what he or she has learned in a unit; and Learning environment – the way the classroom works and feels (the classroom dynamics and vibe) Differentiated Instruction Strategies 1. Create Learning Stations 2. Use Task Cards 3. 3. Interview Students 4. Target different senses within lessons 5. Share your own strength and weaknesses 6. Use the Think-Pair-Share strategy 7. Make time For journaling 8. Implement reflection and goal-setting exercises 9. Run literature circles 10. Offer different types of free study time 11. Group students with similar learning styles Differentiated Instruction Strategies 12. Give different sets of reading comprehension activities 13. Assign open-ended projects 14. Encourage students to propose ideas for their projects 15. Analyze your differentiated instruction strategy on a regular basis 16. ‘Teach Up’ Source: Prodigy Resources Retrieved from https://www.prodigygame.com/main-en/blog/differentiated-instruction-strategies-examples- download/ Effective Learning What is an effective lesson? Effective Learning An effective lesson is the one that includes clear, easy to follow directions; it has to have a clear objective—what we want students to walk away having learned or understood; and it has to be entertaining enough to keep students interested and involved throughout. Is a well-planned lesson always an effective lesson? For an effective lesson, teachers require the relevant knowledge and understanding, pedagogy, attitudes, values, skills, dispositions and a knowledge of their students background, academic level , socio-cultural background and most importantly a knowledge of “HOW THEY LEARN” Characteristics of an Effective Lesson 1. Effective lesson is a lesson with an impact on students. 2. Gets students thinking 3. Allows them to interact 4. Secures the opportunity for students to ask questions 5. Tap into students’ prior knowledge 6. Build new skills 7. Instill new values or reinforce old ones. 8. Allow students to express their without bias or intimidation 9. Celebrates diversity In conclusion: Effective learning is defined as a teaching and learning process that prioritizes comprehension, intelligence, persistence, and quality of learning in addition to the outcomes attained by the students. It entails setting up a welcoming and accommodating learning atmosphere, offering the tools and resources that are required, and integrating research-based lessons into the curriculum. Positivity and a positive attitude toward learning are characteristics of effective learning, and these attributes encourage proactive action and active engagement in the learning environment. things also involves skills such as probing information, thinking things through, and organizing and linking concepts.  Thank you Date