1.-Understanding-Society-and-Culture.pptx

Understanding Society and Culture SESSION1 Culture Culture-generally defined as the sum of an individual’s way of life, ranging from the food he or she eats, the clothes he or she wears, and the house where he or she lives. Types of Culture Material Non-Material Non-Material Non-material things...

Understanding Society and Culture SESSION1 Culture Culture-generally defined as the sum of an individual’s way of life, ranging from the food he or she eats, the clothes he or she wears, and the house where he or she lives. Types of Culture Material Non-Material Non-Material Non-material things are the norms and values as well as the intangible aspects of his or her existence:music, dance, poetry, and other forms of expressions that showcase his or her creativity and artistry.  Material Culture also includes fads and fashion trends, manners and taboos as well as scientific knowledge and technology that manifest through tangible aspects, such as architectural and engineering wonders, advancement in medicine, and breakthroughs in transportation and communication.  Society Society-generally defined as an organized group or groups of interdependent people who share a common territory, language, and culture, and who act together for collective survival and well-being.  Society In reality, there can be no culture without a society and so far there are no known human societies that do not exhibit culture(Haviland,et.al:312).  Politics Politics-refers to the “theory, art and practice of government”.  Politics Political institution- relatively stable cluster of statuses, general norms and role behavior, which are involved in the acquisition and exercise of power and decision-making in society(Turner:215)  Government Government- concrete example of a political institution. It exercises power especially in relation to governance and decision-making.  Power Power- manifested in the acquisition of statuses and functions.  Power - As defined in democratic principles, is a status granted to individuals or institutions to properly run the government and implement the rule of the law in a society  Executive Power President or Prime minister and members of the cabinet are granted with executive power, which is the right to execute governance and implement laws.  Legislative Power Members of legislature, senators and congressman, given legislative power to make and pass laws for the executive power to implement.  Judiciary Power Members of judiciary are tasked to interpret laws in accordance with a society’s standards and norms.  Power With these ascribed roles and functions to perform, it is expected that all branches of the government(executive, legislative and judiciary) work harmoniously to maintain the balance of power.  Gender Gender-socially-constructed characteristics of being male or female(Eccles:43)  Gender Gender-socially-constructed characteristics of being male or female(Eccles:43) -serves as a guide on how males and females think and act about themselves; the ways they interact with others; and how they perform their various roles in society. Sex-chiefly centers on biological differences  Socioeconomic Status Socioecconomic status-refers to the category of persons who have more or less the same socioeconomic privileges in a society. These privileges are due to inherited wealth and/or occupational status of the breadwinner in the household(Panopio,etc.:327)  Types of social classes: 1. Upper Class-consists of elite families -considered most productive in terms of resource generation and oftentimes very successful in their respective fields of interests and endeavors.  Types of social classes: Elite has two general types: new rich(nouveau riche) and Traditional upper class. 1. New rich-have humble beginnings and often experienced rags-to-riches turn of fortunes  Types of social classes: Elite has two general types: new rich(nouveau riche) and Traditional upper class. 2. Traditional upper class-made up of descendants of powerful elite families who acquired their wealth through inheritance or birthright.  Types of social classes: 2. Middle Class-composed of small business and industry operators mostly owners, managers, professionals,office workers, and farm owners with income sufficient enough to provide a comfortable and decent living.  Types of social classes: 3. Lower class-largest in terms of number -farm employees, skilled and unskilled artisans, service workers and people who may be unemployed or underemployed or those who belong to indigent families or informal sectors  Ethnicity Ethnicity- expression of the set of cultural ideas held by a distinct ethnic or indigenous group.  Ethnicity Ethnic group- refers to people who collectively and publicly identify themselves as distinct and unique based on distinguishable cultural features that set them apart from others, such as language, shared ancestry, common origin, customs, and traditions(Haviland,et.al.:313)  Religion Religion- organized system of ideas about the spiritual sphere or the supernatural, along with associated ceremonial or ritualistic practices by which people try to interpret and/or influence aspect of the universe otherwise beyond human control(Haviland,et.al.:554)  Exceptionality- refers to the state of being intellectually gifted and/or having physically or mentally challenged conditions concerning personality/behavior, communication(learning disability, speech impairment,and hearing problems) intellect(mild intellectual and mental development disabilities), physical appearance(blind-low vision), or a combination of more than one specific exceptionality or disability(MinEd:2)  Nationality Nationality- legal relationship that binds a person and a country. It allows the state to protect and have jurisdiction over a person(Wels:29)  Questions to Ponder: Questions to ponder: Answer the following briefly: 1. How diverse is your classroom? 2. Why do you need to know others?