Rizal's Life: Higher Education & Life Abroad PDF

RIZAL’S LIFE: HIGHER EDUCATION AND LIFE ABROAD At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to: 1. Appreciate how Rizal’s education shaped him as a person. 2. Appraise Rizal’s relationship with other propagandists. 3. Appraise Rizal’s growth as a propagandist...

RIZAL’S LIFE: HIGHER EDUCATION AND LIFE ABROAD At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to: 1. Appreciate how Rizal’s education shaped him as a person. 2. Appraise Rizal’s relationship with other propagandists. 3. Appraise Rizal’s growth as a propagandist and disavowal of assimilation. Important Happenings while Rizal is Studying in Ateneo Municipal 1. February 17, 1872 – Gov. Gen. Izquierdo ordered the execution of GomBurZa. 2. Before June of 1872 – Donya Teodora Alonso suddenly arrested on a malicious charged that she and Jose Alberto, tried to poison the latter’s perfidious wife Rizal Entering Ateneo Municipal 1. ATENEO MUNICIPAL – Jose was sent here instead of Colegio of San Juan de Letran - Formerly known as Escuela Pia (Charity School) a school for boys established by city government in 1817 - The Jesuits (1768 expelled from Ph) managed it in the year of 1859 2. Rizal’s admission to Ateneo Municipal – Jose, again accompanied by Paciano a. Reasons of refusal for Rizal’s admission - according to Father Magin Ferrando Rizal is: 1) he was late for registration 2) he was sickly and undersized, for his age b. Manuel Xerez Burgos (F. Burgos nephew) - upon his intercession he was reluctantly admitted at the Ateneo 3. JOSE USING RIZAL INSTEAD OF MERCADO – Jose use the surname Rizal instead of Mercado for the latter had come under the suspicion of the Spanish authorities Paciano used Mercado in his time at Colegio de San Jose, where he was known as the favorite student and confidant of Father Burgos. 4. RIZAL’S ADDRESS – Jose boarded a house on Caraballo St. outside Intramuros 25 minutes away Ateneo Municipal - Owned by a certain spinster Titay (she owe the Rizal family the amount of 300.) 5. JESUIT SYSTEM OF EDUCATION considered more advanced than that of other colleges in that period a. Characteristics of Jesuit Education 1) Rigid discipline and religious instruction 2) promoted physical culture, Humanities, and scientific studies 3) offered vocational courses in agriculture, commerce, mechanics, and surveying 5. JESUIT SYSTEM OF EDUCATION Students heard Mass in the morning before beginning of the daily class. Classes in every subject were opened and closed with prayers. b. students were divided into 2 groups 1) Roman Empire - consisting of the internos (boarders) 2) Carthaginian Empire - composed of the externos (non-boarders) 5. JESUIT SYSTEM OF EDUCATION c. empire ranks 1) Emperor – the best in each empire 2) Tribune - the second best in each empire 3) Decurion - the third best in each empire 4) Centurion - the fourth best in each empire 5) Standard bearer – fifth best Any student could DEPOSE the officers one after another and become an emperor 5. JESUIT SYSTEM OF EDUCATION d. uniform 1)Ateneo students in rizal’s time wore a uniform which consisted of “hemp-fabric trousers” and “stripe cotton coat.” 2)The coat material was called rayadillo, which later became famous for it was adopted as uniform of Filipino troops of first Philippine Republic Rizal While Studying at Ateneo Municipal 1. RIZAL’S FIR ST YEAR (1872-73) On his first day of class in the Ateneo, in June, 1872, Rizal first heard Mass at the college chapel and prayed fervently to God for guidance and success. There he saw a great number of boys, Spaniards, mestizos and Filipinos. 1. RIZAL’S FIR ST YEAR (1872-73) a. Fr. Jose Bech - Rizal’s first professor in the Ateneo - he described as a “tall, thin man, with a body slightly bent forward, a harried walk , an ascetic face, severe and inspired, small deep-sunken eyes, a sharp nose that was almost Greek , and thin lips forming an arc whose fell toward the chin.” 1. RIZAL’S FIR ST YEAR (1872-73) b. Rizal’s status - Being a newcomer and knowing little Spanish, Rizal was placed at the bottom of the class. - assigned to Carthaginians, occupying the end of the line - after a week he progressed rapidly became emperor at the end of the month and awarded a prize – a religious picture 1. RIZAL’S FIR ST YEAR (1872-73) c. RIZAL’S PRIVATE LESSONS - took private lessons in Santa Isabel College During the noon recesses. He paid three pesos for those extra Spanish lessons Second Half Of His First Year - Rizal did not try hard enough to retain his academic supremacy (he was Placed 2nd) - This was because he resented some remarks of his professor 2. RIZAL’S SECOND YEAR (1872-73) c. RIZAL’S PRIVATE LESSONS - took private lessons in Santa Isabel College During the noon recesses. He paid three pesos for those extra Spanish lessons Second Half Of His First Year - Rizal did not try hard enough to retain his academic supremacy (he was Placed 2nd) - This was because he resented some remarks of his professor 3. RIZAL’S SUMMER VACATION (1873) a. End of the School Year March 1873 - Rizal returned to Calamba for summer vacation - He did not particularly enjoy his vacation because his mother was in prison - To cheer him up, Neneng (Saturnina) brought him to Tanawan - he went to Santa Cruz and visited his mother in prison and told her of his brilliant grades at the Ateneo 3. RIZAL’S SUMMER VACATION (1873) b. End of Summer Vacation - Rizal returned to Manila for his 2nd Term in Ateneo - He boarded inside Intramuros at No. 6 Magallanes St. (Donya Pepay his landlady) 4. SECOND YEAR IN ATENEO(1873-74) a. NOTHING UNUSUAL HAPPENED TO RIZAL - he repented neglecting his studies the previous year - Some of his classmates were new. Among them were three boys from Binan (school of Maestro Justiniano) 4. SECOND YEAR IN ATENEO(1873-74) a. NOTHING UNUSUAL HAPPENED TO RIZAL - he studied harder. Once more he became “emperor” - end of the S.Y., he received excellent grades in all subjects March, 1874 & a gold medal. With such scholastic honors, he returned triumphantly to Calamba 4. SECOND YEAR IN ATENEO(1873-74) b. PROPHECY OF MOTHER RELEASE - Rizal visited his mother in the provincial jail. - He cheered up Dona Teodora’s with news of his scholastic triumphs in Ateneo and with funny tales about his professors and fellow students. 4. SECOND YEAR IN ATENEO(1873-74) b. PROPHECY OF MOTHER RELEASE - Her mother was very happy that Jose was making progress in college - Donya Teodora told Jose of her dream and the latter stated that Donya Teodora will be freed in three months time (a boyish attempt to console her) 4. SECOND YEAR IN ATENEO(1873-74) b. PROPHECY OF MOTHER RELEASE - It became true. Barely three months passed, and suddenly Dona Teodora was set free. - Dona Teodora, happily back in Calamba, was even more proud of her son Jose whom likened to the youthful Joseph in the Bible in his ability to interpret dreams. 4. SECOND YEAR IN ATENEO(1873-74) c. TEENAGE READING INTEREST During The Summer Vacation In 1874 in Calamba Rizal’s interest in reading romantic novels. 1. Count of Monte Cristo (Alexandre Dumas) 2. Universal History by Cesar Cantu 3. Travels in the Philippines Dr. Feodor Jagor 4. SECOND YEAR IN ATENEO(1873-74) c. TEENAGE READING INTEREST 1) Count of Monte Cristo (Alexandre Dumas) His boyish imagination was stirred by the: sufferings of Edmond Dantes in prison escape from the dungeon of Chateau d’If, Discovery of a buried treasure on the island of Monte Cristo dramatic revenge on his enemies who had wronged him 4. SECOND YEAR IN ATENEO(1873-74) c. TEENAGE READING INTEREST 2) Universal History (Cesar Cantu) He persuaded his father to this costly set According to Rizal, this valuable work was of great aid in his studies and enabled him to win more prizes in Ateneo 4. SECOND YEAR IN ATENEO(1873-74) c. TEENAGE READING INTEREST 3) Travels in the Philippines (Dr. F. Jagor) - a German scientist-traveler who visited the Philippines in 1859- 1860. a) Jagor’s keen observation of the defects of Spanish Colonization b) his prophecy that someday Spain would lose the Philippines and that America would come to succeed her as colonizer. 5. THIRD YEAR IN ATENEO(1874-75) a. JUNE 1874 - June 1874, he returned to the Ateneo for his junior year. - Shortly after the opening of classes, his mother arrived and joyously told him that she was released from prison 5. THIRD YEAR IN ATENEO(1874-75) b. Academic Achievements - Rizal did not make an excellent showing in his studies as in the previous year. - His grades remained excellent in all subjects; he won only one medal –in Latin - He failed to win the medal in Spanish because his spoken Spanish was not fluently sonorous. He was beaten by a Spaniard who, naturally, could speak Spanish 5. THIRD YEAR IN ATENEO(1874-75) c. End of S.Y. (March 1875) - Rizal returned to Calamba for the summer vacation. - He himself was not impressed by his scholastic work. 6. FOURTH YEAR IN ATENEO(1875-76) a. As an Interno (5-16-1875) b.Fr. Francis de Paula Sanchez - he inspired the young Rizal to study harder and to write poetry and became a friend and admirer whose God-given genius he saw and recognized. - Rizal considered him his best professor in the Ateneo 6. FOURTH YEAR IN ATENEO(1875-76) b.Fr. Francis de Paula Sanchez - In his student memoirs, Rizal wrote of Father Sanchez in glowing terms, showing his affection and gratitude. - He described him as “model of uprightness, earnestness, and love for the advancement of his pupils” 6. FOURTH YEAR IN ATENEO(1875-76) c. Encouragement of Fr. de Paula Sanchez - Rizal resumed his studies with vigor and zest. He topped all his classmates in all subjects and won five medals at the end of the school term. - returned to Calamba for his summer vacation (March 1876) and proudly offered his five medals and excellent ratings to his parents 6. LAST YEAR IN ATENEO(1876-77) a. June 1876 for his last year in the Ateneo - His studies continued to fare well. As a matter-of-fact, he excelled in all subjects. - The most brilliant Atenean of his time, he was truly “the pride of the Jesuits” - Rizal finished in a blaze of glory & obtained the highest grades in all subjects –philosophy, physics, biology, chemeitry, languages, mineralogy, etc. Graduation with Highest Honor 7. Graduation with Highest Honor a. Rizal graduated at the head of his class. His scholastic records at the Ateneo from 1872 to 1877 were as follows: 7. Graduation with Highest Honor a. Rizal graduated at the head of his class. His scholastic records at the Ateneo from 1872 to 1877 were as follows: 7. Graduation with Highest Honor a. Rizal graduated at the head of his class. His scholastic records at the Ateneo from 1872 to 1877 were as follows:  7. Commencement Day, March 23, 1877 a. Bachelor of Arts, with highest honors - At the age of 16 years old, he received this degree from his Alma Mater, Ateneo Municipal. - Commencement Day was a time of bitter sweetness, a joy mellowed with poignancy. The night before graduation, his last night at the college dormitory, he could not sleep. 8. Sculptural Works in Ateneo Image Of The Virgin Mary On A Piece Of Batikuling (Philippine Hardwood) - The Jesuits fathers were amazed of his work Father Lleonart - impressed by Rizal’s sculptural talent, requested him to carve for him an image of the Secret Heart of Jesus which he complied within few days. 8. Sculptural Works in Ateneo Father Lleonart - He intended to take the image with him to Spain, but, he forgot to do so. The Ateneo boarding students placed it on the door of their dormitory, and their it remained for many years. This image played a significant part in Rizal’s last hours at Fort Santiago. 9. Anecdotes on Rizal, the Atenean. a. Narration of Felix M. Roxas - One day many Ateneans, including Rizal, were studying their lessons at the study hall. Two Ateneans, Manzano, and Lesaca, quarreled and violently hurled books at each other. - Rizal, who was busy studying was hit in the face by one of the thrown books. He did not raise a cry of protest, although his wounded face was bleeding. 9. Anecdotes on Rizal, the Atenean. b. Narration of Manuel Xeres Burgos - This anecdote illustrates Rizal’s predilection to help the helpless at the risk of his own life. - After a while he heard Julio Meliza from Iloilo, one of the smallest boarders, crying –because his kite was caught by the vines growing on the belfry of the Manila cathedral which was near the boarding- house - Julio being laughed at by bigger boys 9. Anecdotes on Rizal, the Atenean. b. Narration of Manuel Xeres Burgos - Rizal closed the book he was reading and told Julio not to cry, - for he would try to retrieve the kite. True to his promise he courageously climbed the high cathedral tower and successfully recovered the kite. 10. Poems Written in Ateneo a. 1874 Mi Primera Inspiracion (My First Inspiration) b. 1875 1. Felicitacion (Felicitation). 2. El Embarque: Himno a la Flera de Magallanes. (The Departure: Hymn to Magellan’s Fleet) 3. Y Es Espanol: Elcano, el Primero en dar la Vuelta al Mundo (And He is Spanish: Elcano, the First to Circumnavigate the World). 4. El Combate: Urbiztondo, Terror de Jolo (The Battle: Urbiztondo, Terror of Jolo). 10. Poems Written in Ateneo c.1876, written poems on various topics –religion, education, childhood memories, and war. They were as follows: 1. Un Recuerdo a Mi Pueblo (In Memory of My Town). A poem in honor to Calamba, the hero’s natal town. 2. Alianza Intima Entre la Religion y la Buena Education (Intimate Alliance Between Religion and Good Education). 3. Por la Educacion Recibe Lustre la Patria (Through Education the Country Receives Light). 10. Poems Written in Ateneo c.1876, Rizal wrote poems on various topics –religion, education, childhood memories, and war. They were as follows: 4. El Cautiverio y el Triunfo: Battala de Lucena y Prisiion de Boabdil (The Captivity and the Triumph: Battle of Lucena and the Imprisonment of Boabdil). This martial poem describes the defeat and capture of Boabdil, last Moorish sultan of Granada. 10. Poems Written in Ateneo c.1876, Rizal wrote poems on various topics –religion, education, childhood memories, and war. They were as follows: 5. La Entrada Triunfal de los Reyes Catolices en Granada (The Triumphal Entry of the Catholic Monarchs into Granada). This poem relates the victorious entry of King Ferdinand and Queen Isabel into Granada, last Moorish stronghold in Spain. 10. Poems Written in Ateneo d. 1877, he wrote more poems. It was his last year in the Ateneo. Among the poems written that year were: 1. El Heroismo de Colon (The heroism of Columbus). This poem praises Columbus, the discoverer of America. 2. Colon y Juan II (Columbus and John II). This poem relates how King John II of Portugal missed fame and riches by his failure to finance the projected expedition of Columbus to the New World. 10. Poems Written in Ateneo d. 1877, he wrote more poems. It was his last year in the Ateneo. Among the poems written that year were: 3. Gran Consuelo en la Mayor Desdicha (Great Solace in Great Misfortune). This is a legend in verse of the tragic life of Columbus). 4. Un Dialogo Alusivo a la Despedida de los Colegiales (A Farewell Dialogue of the Students). This was the last poem written by Rizal in Ateneo; it is a poignant poem of farewell to his classmates. Rizal’s First Romance SEGUNDA KATIGBAK 11. Rizal’s First Romance a. SEGUNDA KATIGBAK - a pretty fourteen years old Batanguena from Lipa. In Rizal’s own words: “She was rather short, with eyes that were eloquent and ardent at times and languid at others, rosy-cheeked, with an enchanting and provocative smile that revealed very beautiful teeth, and the air of a sylph; her entire self diffused a mysterious charm.” 11. Rizal’s First Romance a. SEGUNDA KATIGBAK - a pretty fourteen years old Batanguena from Lipa. - One Sunday Rizal visited his maternal grandmother who lived in Trozo, Manila. He was accompanied by his friend, Mariano Katigbak (brother). 11. Rizal’s First Romance a. SEGUNDA KATIGBAK - a pretty fourteen years old Batanguena from Lipa. - His grandmother’s guests, who were mostly college students, knew of his skill in painting, so that they urged him to draw Segunda’s portrait. He complied reluctantly and made a pencil sketch of her. “From time to time”, He reminisced later, “she looked at me, and I blushed.” 11. Rizal’s First Romance a. SEGUNDA KATIGBAK - Rizal come to know Segunda more intimately during his weekly visits to La Concordia College, where his sister Olimpia was a boarding student. - Olimpia was a close friend of Segunda. 11. Rizal’s First Romance a. SEGUNDA KATIGBAK - It was apparent that Rizal and Segunda loved each other. - Theirs was indeed “a love of first sight”. But it was hopeless since the very beginning because Segunda was already engaged to be married to her townmate, Manuel Luz. 11. Rizal’s First Romance b. Christmas Vacation of December 1887 - The last time they talked to each other was one Thursday when the Christmas vacation was about to begin. - He visited Segunda at La Concordia College to say goodbye because he was going home to Calamba the following day. She told him she was also going home one day later. She kept quiet after her brief reply, waiting for him to say something which her heart was clamoring to hear. 11. Rizal’s First Romance b. Christmas Vacation of December 1887 - But Rizal failed to come up to her expectation. He could only mumble: “Well, good-bye. Anyway --I’ll see you when you pass Calamba on your way to Lipa.” 11. Rizal’s First Romance b. Christmas Vacation of December 1887 - The next day Rizal arrived by steamer in his hometown. His mother did not recognize him at first, due to her failing eyesight. - He was saddened to find out about his mother’s growing blindness. His sisters gaily welcomed him, teasing him about Segunda, for they knew of his romance through Olimpia. 11. Rizal’s First Romance c. A bout with the best fencer of Calamba - That night he demonstrated his skill in fencing to his family. He had a friendly fencing bout with the best fencer in Calamba and bested him 11. Rizal’s First Romance d. The following Saturday - he learned that the steamer carrying Segunda and her family would not anchor at Calamba because of the strong winds; it would stop in Binan. - He saddled his white horse and waited at the road. A cavalcade of carromatas from Binan passed by. 11. Rizal’s First Romance e. The Last Goodbye - Segunda smiling and waving her handkerchief at him. He doffed his hat & was tongue-tried to say anything. Her carriage rolled on and vanished. - He returned home, dazed and desolate, with his first romance “ruined by his own shyness & reserve”. The first girl, whom he loved with ardent fervor, lost forever. She returned to Lipa & later married Manuel Luz. He remained in Calamba, a frustrated lover, cherishing nostalgic memories. 11. Rizal’s First Romance f. Three Years Later recording his first and tragic romance, said: “Ended, at an early hour, my first love! My virgin heart will always mourn the reckless step it took on the flower- decked abyss. My illusions will return, yes, but indifferent, uncertain, ready for the first betrayal on the path of love.”