Hermeneutical Phenomenology Module PDF - Social Sciences

11 Discipline and Ideas in Social Science Quarter 1 – Module 1: DISCIPLINES Social Science as the Study of Society AND IDEAS IN THE SOCIAL SCIENCES Quarter 2 – Module 1: Hermeneutical Phenomenology DISCIPLINES AND IDEAS I...

11 Discipline and Ideas in Social Science Quarter 1 – Module 1: DISCIPLINES Social Science as the Study of Society AND IDEAS IN THE SOCIAL SCIENCES Quarter 2 – Module 1: Hermeneutical Phenomenology DISCIPLINES AND IDEAS IN THE SOCIAL SCIENCES Disciplines and Ideas in the Social Sciences Alternative Delivery Mode Quarter 2 – Module 1: Hermeneutical Phenomenology First Edition, 2020 Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties. Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them. Published by the Department of Education Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio Development Team of the Module Compiler/Contextualizer: Sheila V. Abellar, MT1, Abellana NS Editors/Reviewers: Alice S. Ganar,John Paul Lesondato, Marilou dela Cuesta, Daisy Von Dy, Florinda Geyrozaga Management Team: Dr. Rhea Mar A. Angtud, Ed.D. School Division Superintendent Dr. Gracia Bataluna Chief, Curriculum Instruction Division Dr. Luis Derasin, Jr. EPS, Aral.Pan/SHS Mrs. Vanessa Harayo, LLB EPS In-Charge of LRMS Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education Department of Education – Region VII Office Address: New Imus Road, Day-as Cebu City Telefax: (032)2551516 E-mail Address: [email protected] 1  Second Semester Quarter 2: MODULE 1- Week 1 Hermeneutical Phenomenology Content Standard : The learner demonstrates an understanding of the key concepts and approaches in the Social Sciences Performance Standard : The learner is able to interpret personal and social experiences using relevant approaches in the Social Sciences and evaluate the strength and weaknesses of the approach Competencies : Hermeneutic Phenomenology analyze the significance of data Learning Outcomes : Upon completion of the module, the learner is expected to summarize the theory and concept of Hermeneutic Phenomenology What I Know Multiple Choice. Write the letter of the correct answer in a separate piece of paper. 1. People react to things or events depending on their lived experiences. Which of the statement supports this idea? a. A child hates ice cream because he/she got punished on this. b. A child loves ice cream because it is sweet and cold. c. A child loves to eat anything that is sweet. d. All of the above. 2. Which of the following statement is true on “Hermeneutic Circle”? a. Understanding the individual parts is dependent on comprehending the whole. b. Human experience includes not only passive perception of phenomena. c. Communications are important bases for understanding social relations. d. All of the above 3. What is the basic theme of Hermeneutic Phenomenology? a. Dialogue c. Preunderstanding b. Interpretation d. Textual meaning 2 4. Who is the foremost representative of the movement of Hermeneutic Phenomenology? a. Martin Heidegger c. Hans-Georg Gadamer b. Jean Paul Gustave d. Adam Smith 5. What is a qualitative research methodology that arose out of and has remained closely tied to phenomenological philosophy? a. Phenomenology c. Hermeneutic Phenomenology b. Cosmologic Phenomenon d. Psychological Phenomenology 6. Which of the following statement is true about Phenomenology? a. It is a study of experience and how we perceive reality. b. It is a study of experience and how we feel its effect. c. It is a reality and how we live with it. d. All of the above 7. Who among the forefathers of Hermeneutic Phenomenology said that the, “Language of the heart can never be fully expressed through language, something more still to be said to in order to comprehend the matter fully?” a. Aurelius Augustine c. Hans-Georg Gadamer b. Martin Heidegger d. Jean Paul Gustave 8. Who among the forefathers of Hermeneutic Phenomenology had set the groundwork for the emergence of phenomenology? a. Wilhelm Dilthey c. Aurelius Augustine b. Jean Paul Gustave d. Martin Heidegger 9. The following statements are the features of Hermeneutic Phenomenology, except _________. a. Uses scientific methodology a. Focuses on inquiry as application b. Concept of attention to the unspoken c. Emphasizes the nature of human experiences 10. Context and conditions of an experience are very crucial to the process of ________________. a. Interpretation c. Comprehension b. Communication d. Construction 11. The following observable insights are useful for social researchers, except _____. a. How people behave and interact a. How people feel the pain of others b. How people answer a job interview c. How people arrange their furniture 12. Phenomenology invites us to be open to variety of ______________ a. Emotions c. Struggles b. Experiences d. All of the above 13. If data is anything that is given, Hermeneutics is the interpretation of ______? a. Data c. People b. Experience d. Situation 3  14. In Phenomenological sense, human experience includes the processes of the following, except _______. a. Feeling c. Imagination b. Idea d. Thought 15. Friedrich Daniel Schleiemacher is the Father of Contemporary Hermeneutics. Who among the following is the founder of Phenomenology? a. Adam Smith c. Martin Heidegger b. Edmund Husserl d. Jean Paul Gustave Time is up..! Let us see if your answers are correct as you explore this module. And your journey starts now….. What I Need To Know This module shall discuss another dominant approaches and ideas that are present today and how this approaches and ideas play a role in the character and everyday living of society. At the end of this module you are expected to: ▪ Interpret the message of texts and documents using Hermeneutics; and ▪ Generate deep insights from the statements, attitudes and behaviors of others using Phenomenology. What’s In As we enter the Second Quarter with this module, let us check if you have mastered the basic concept and principles of the Dominant Approaches that you have tackled in the last Quarter by complying the activity below. Direction: Write a one sentence definition of the following Dominant Approaches in a separate sheet of paper. 1. Institutionalism 2. Rational Choice Theory 3. Structural Functionalism 4. Symbolic Interactionism 5. Psychoanalysis 6. Marxism Good Job! So, let’s proceed….. 4  What’s New Are you ready? Let us start with this image, what do you see in the picture? Can you identify one or two images, why? It is only one picture but why do you think you can identify one or more images? Write your answer in a separate sheet of paper. Canva.com In our “New Normal” lifestyle now, we can see it positively or negatively. This perception depends on the information, data or experiences that we encounter individually or as a community. As we proceed with this module we will try to answer these questions: Why is data important in sciences, especially in the Social Sciences? What does [hermeneutic] phenomenology as an approach contribute to the social sciences? Why is it important to consider one’s context and perspective when interpreting one’s experiences? Are you ready to find out? Let’s proceed then ….. What Is It Unlocking of Terms: Let us understand these words to understand this lesson very well. 1. Transcendence – existence or experience beyond the normal or physical level 2. Symbolic Interpretation – purely in terms of what is being represented or implied 3. Methodically – Arranged or proceeding in regular, systematic order 4. Epistemology – the theory of knowledge, especially regarding its methods, validity and scope 5. Phenomenology – an approach that concentrates on the objects of direct experience 6. Transformative – able to cause an important and lasting change in someone or something 5  Supposing that your local government unit declares suspension of classes due to a typhoon. As a student you may have to stay indoors as a precautionary measure. However, your parents and older siblings may still have to brave the rains and flood in order to go to work. Your experience of the typhoon’s effects differ from that of your other family members since you are a student. In this case, the suspension of classes was only relevant to you but not to the other members of your family. In this module, we will study Hermeneutical Phenomenology and how this theory examines the concept of reality from the individual’s point of view. These perspectives look into how the individual interprets his or her reality and experience, allowing us to gain an understanding of how other people come up with their ideas and interpretations of social life. In this approach it is necessary to understand the concept of Data, it is anything “given” and it includes one’s experiences. Hermeneutics is interpreting the data. AND Phenomenology invites us to be open to the variety of experiences. For example, one refuses to go out of one’s comfort zone by not tasting “exotic” food or riding “extreme” carnival rides. Hermeneutic Phenomenology is the study of experience together with its meaning. It is impossible to investigate experience without at the same time inquiring into its meaning; it is likewise impossible to analyze meaning without being grounded on experience. Did you find it interesting? Do you agree that your own experience is important? Let us continue… Hermeneutics Hermeneutics originated from biblical studies and is defined as the understanding and analysis of biblical interpretation. Bible scholars adopt hermeneutics to avoid committing the mistakes of misunderstanding and misinterpreting the holy scriptures. Using Hermeneutics, scholars understand the scriptures by analyzing the historical and social contexts when and where passages were conceptualized and situated. It also involves careful analysis of the text and its structure. Eventually, Hermeneutics evolved and became a tool applicable in social analysis. According to Hermeneutic scholars, this approach is equally useful in dealing with non-biblical texts such as poetry, journals, diaries, text messages, editorials, caricatures, courtship rituals and religious rituals, among others. Hermeneutics and the Writer’s Bias Hermeneutics enables the reader of the text to understand materials based on the author’s specific historical and social contexts. In other words, a text in a literature or history class, say, a short story or a political speech, can be understood within the cultural and historical conditions in which it was written, or when and where it took place. 6 Hermeneutics and the Reader’s Bias Hermeneutics is also a transformative exercise, because the reading and interpretation of texts can be determined and influenced by the reader’s own personal viewpoints and specific social contexts. It suggests that readers are also active agents who are capable of reimagining, reproducing, and reconstructing textual messages, and that they themselves are producers of textual meanings. Phenomenology Phenomenology is a philosophical movement which studies experience and how we perceive reality, which, according to its proponents, consists of objects and events “phenomena” as perceived by human consciousness. In the phenomenological sense, human experience includes not only passive perception of phenomena, but also other processes such as imagination, thought and feelings. Similar to interpretivism and social constructivism, phenomenology focuses on how people attribute meaning to and make sense of their social interactions. In Phenomenology, the researcher-respondent relationship is participative, cooperative and dialogical. Among the useful data gathering techniques are Key Informant Interviews, Focus Group Discussion and Participant Observation. The strong emphasis on personal viewpoints and values contributes significantly to the depth of social research. Hermeneutical Phenomenology Transcendental Phenomenology is based on discovering the objective universal essences of lived experiences and communicating them through pure description. Hermeneutics is the tradition, theory, philosophy and practice of interpretation. Hermeneutical Phenomenology is used to interpret the meaning of lived experiences and communicate the interpretation textually or symbolically. Hermeneutic Phenomenology’s Forefathers Aurelius Augustine (Thagaste: 354AD-430AD) – formed the theoretical basis for conceptions of the limits of language to express the inner world, the forgetfulness of language, and the relationship between language and tradition. “Language of the heart can never be fully expressed through language, something more still to be said to in order to comprehend the matter fully.” Friedrich Daniel Ernst Schleiemacher (Germany:1768-1834) – has been credited as “one of the first to write systematically about hermeneutics as a generic form” and as “The father of contemporary hermeneutics”. He advanced understanding of Interpretation that included: o Goal of determining the meaning of a test through the intention and perspective of the author o Methods of grammatical and technical interpretation 7  o A distinction between a laxer(not sufficient) and stricter practices of interpretation and a belief in misunderstanding as the natural state from which interpretation proceeds o Clear identification of the relationship between the part and the whole Wilhelm Dilthey (Germany:1833-1911)– his conception of the human sciences as epistemologically and methodically distinct from the natural sciences, and his “lived experiences” as the basis for all understanding set the groundwork for the emergence of phenomenology. Edmund Husserl (Austria:1859-1938) – has been credited as “The principal founder of phenomenology”. He developed transcendental phenomenology, an approach to understanding human experiences that focus on the essential structures that allow the naively taken for granted in the ‘natural attitude’ to ‘constitute themselves’ in consciousness. Jean-Paul Sartre (Paris:1905-1980)– He continued Heidegger’s project of existential phenomenology, emphasizing our self-consciousness and drive for meaning. Features of Hermeneutical Phenomenology Its focus on inquiry as application Emphasis on the situated nature of human experiences Concept of attention to the unspoken or undisclosed Idea of the hermeneutic circle as a link between individual experiences and larger structures, fusion of horizons and inclusion of the practitioner identity in research activities What’s More Instructions: Write a 100-word monologue or short narrative about personal experiences on your different relationships with your siblings, friends, and teachers as to how they affected your life positively. Identify what possible Features of Hermeneutical Phenomenology your experiences belong and why. Use a separate sheet of paper for your answer. Bases for Rating: Substance of Ideas – 15 points Coherence of Thoughts – 10 points TOTAL - 25 POINTS 8  What I Have Learned Society is made up of individuals who are influenced by their experiences. Hermeneutical Phenomenology as an approach, represents an attitude or disposition of sensitivity and openness: it is a matter of openness to every day’s twists and turns and the experienced meanings from them. Illustrate an object or choose any object found at home or perhaps cut a picture that will capsulize the statement above. Give explanations or justifications why you choose such. Assessment Multiple Choice. Write the letter of the correct answer in a separate piece of paper. 1. What is the basic theme of Hermeneutic Phenomenology? a. Dialogue c. Textual meaning b. Interpretation d. Preunderstanding 2. Who is the foremost representative of the movement of Hermeneutic Phenomenology? a. Martin Heidegger c. Jean Paul Gustave b. Hans-Georg Gadamer d. Adam Smith 3. What is a qualitative research methodology that arose out of and remains closely tied to phenomenological philosophy? a. Phenomenology c. Hermeneutic Phenomenology b. Cosmologic Phenomenon d. Psychological Phenomenology 4. Which of the following statement is true about Phenomenology? a. It is a study of experience and how we feel its effect. b. It is a study of experience and how we perceive reality. c. It is a reality and how we live with it. d. All of the above 5. Who among the forefathers of Hermeneutic Phenomenology said that the: “Language of the heart can never be fully expressed through language, something more still to be said to in order to comprehend the matter fully.” a. Martin Heidegger c. Hans-Georg Gadamer b. Jean Paul Gustave d. Aurelius Augustine 6. Who among the forefathers of Hermeneutic Phenomenology had set the groundwork for the emergence of Phenomenology. a. Wilhelm Dilthey c. Aurelius Augustine b. Jean Paul Gustave d. Martin Heidegger 9 7. The following statements are the features of Hermeneutic Phenomenology, except ___________: a. Concept of attention to the unspoken b. Emphasizes the nature of human experiences c. Uses scientific methodology d. Focuses on inquiry as application 8. The context and the conditions of an experience are very crucial to the process of ________________. a. Comprehension c. Interpretation b. Communication d. Construction 9. Which of the following observable insights are useful for Social Science Researchers, except ___________? a. How people behave and interact b. How people answer a job interview c. How people arrange their furniture d. How people feel the pain of others 10. Phenomenology invites us to be opened to variety of ______________. a. Emotions c. Experiences b. Struggles d. All of the above 11. If data is anything that is given, Hermeneutic is the interpretation of ______? a. Data c. Experience b. People d. Situation 12. In Phenomenological sense, human experience includes the processes of the following, EXCEPT: a. Idea c. Imagination b. Thought d. Feelings 13. Friedrich Daniel Schleiemacher is the Father of contemporary Hermeneutics while the principal founder of Phenomenology is _____________. a. Wilhelm Dilthey c. Jean Paul Sarte b. Edmund Husserl d. Adam Smith 14. Which of the following statement is true on “Hermeneutic Circle” a. Understanding the individual parts is dependent on comprehending the whole b. Human experience includes not only passive perception of phenomena c. Communications are important bases for understanding social relations d. All of the above 15. People react to things or events depending on their “lived experiences”, which of the statement supports this idea? a. A child loves ice cream because it is sweet. b. A child hates ice cream because he/she got punished on this. c. A child loves to eat anything that is sweet. d. All of the above. 10  References Jose, M. D. and Ong, J. (2017) Disciplines and Ideas in the Social Sciences, Vibal Group, Inc., John Raymond B. Jison, et.al. (2018) Disciplines and Ideas in the Social Sciences, C & E Publishing, In., Friesen, N., Henriksson, C., & Saevi, T. (eds.). (2012). Hermeneutic Phenomenology in education: Method and practice. Rotterdam / Boston / Taipei: Sense Publishers Van Manen, M. (2002). Phenomenology online: Inquiry. http://www.phenome nologyonline.com/inq uiry/. DELA CRUZ, ARLEIGH ROSS D., FADRIGON, CECILE C., and MENDOZA, DIANA J. “Discipline and Ideas in the Social Sciences.” Quezon City. Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.2016. Disciplines and Ideas in the Social Sciences by Arleigh Ross D. dela Cruz, et.al. page 63, 11