1.-Prelim-Presentation.pptx

ethic s What is ethics? ethics PHILOSOPHY NOMINAL AND REAL DEFINITION PHILOSOPHY (NOMINAL DEFINITION) The term philosophy is derived from two Greek words "philos" or "philein" (to love, to desire) and "sophia" (wisdom). Putting them together, we have "philo" +" sophia" (love of wisdom). T...

ethic s What is ethics? ethics PHILOSOPHY NOMINAL AND REAL DEFINITION PHILOSOPHY (NOMINAL DEFINITION) The term philosophy is derived from two Greek words "philos" or "philein" (to love, to desire) and "sophia" (wisdom). Putting them together, we have "philo" +" sophia" (love of wisdom). Thus, a philosopher is a "lover of wisdom". WHAT IS WISDOM?  WHAT IS WISDOM? Wisdom, in this broadest sense, connotes knowledge - knowledge directed to the fundamental and pervasive concerns of existence. Wisdom is not the wisdom of book learning, fact acquiring and being a dean's lister or a topnotcher in the licensure examinations or a technical skill of professional people. It is understanding on how we ought to live. It PHILOSOPHY (real DEFINITION) 1. Philosophy is a rational critical thinking of a more or less systematic kind about the conduct of life, the general nature of the world, and the justification of belief (Encyclopedia Americana, 2003). 2. Philosophy is the love or pursuit of wisdom; the search for basic principles (The New Webster's Dictionary of the English Language, 1995). 3. Philosophy is the sum of all man's beliefs and views about the world which guide his actions (Ariola, 1989). 4. Philosophy is the science of the things by their ultimate principles and causes, as known by natural reason alone (Piñon, 1995). PHILOSOPHY (real DEFINITION) 5. Philosophy is a human search for meaning; an intellectual quest that goes beyond the boundaries of concrete knowledge, towards the realm of the abstract where the inquisitive mind finds some satisfaction and wonder (Gualdo, 2000). 6. Philosophy is the never-ending search for the total human meaning of our experiences. It is a discipline that attempts to look for answers to man's inquisitive mind that begins in wonder and ends in awe (Bauzon, 2002). 7. Philosophy is an attempt to see the wonders at our existence and at our place in the scheme of things (Melchert, 1999). 8. Philosophy is a systematic, reflective, critical, primarily reason-bound inquiring into the basic assumptions and guiding beliefs that people use to make sense of any dimension of their live (Christensen, 1999). PHILOSOPHY (real DEFINITION) 9. Philosophy is a process by which men ponder, discuss or argue over the use, application, limits or meaning of important ideas (Bresman and Gould, 1977). 10. Philosophy is the art of questioning everything; the goal of philosophy is wisdom and wisdom requires questioning what is questionable (Kolak and Martin, 1990). 11. Philosophy focuses on conceptual clarity and understanding, from ignorance to knowledge (Earle, 1992). 12. Philosophy is asking the right question that initiates philosophical thinking and direction (Barry, 1983). 13. Philosophy is quest for wisdom; an attempt to provide a vision of the world that is systematic and clear, in which the connection between significant facts are made manifest. It is the search for first thing (first principles) and last things (ultimate implications) (Minton and Shipka, 1982). PHILOSOPHY (real DEFINITION) Thus, philosophy may be viewed as an activity undertaken by men who are deeply concerned about who they are and what everything is all about in this world. The essence of philosophy is asking the right question that gives the right direction. In asking the right question, philosophical thinking and imagination play a significant part. In philosophy, the person does not only accept automatically the apparent order of things in the material world. Instead, he wonders about them, deals creatively with them, goes beyond to see what is not readily apparent, then conceive of possibilities and alternatives in approaching them. In the process, he formulates questions about it to serve as his direction. Philosophy answers questions through intensive application of reason, the philosopher criticizes old answers, rectifies and forms new ones - to be able to create. WHAT IS PHILOSOPHY? NOMINAL REAL Love of wisdom Quest for wisdom Human search for meaning The art of questioning What makes PHILOSOPHY important?  Importance of philosophy We all become philosophers at any crucial moment in life. The general framework of beliefs and values we profess, the world view that impregnate our experience with meaning, are expressions of our essential human capabilities that make us distinctly human. Our philosophical reflection is an important part of our self-fulfillment, happiness and our professional growth. What then is the value of philosophy? 1. Philosophy enables someone to think, conceptualize, analyze, compare, evaluate, and understand things. Students philosophize and become wise. 2. Philosophy helps the student to develop the ability to form opinions and beliefs. He thinks, evaluates, and decides what could be "better" or "best" for him.  Importance of philosophy 3. Philosophy helps the student to be resilient and philosophically calm in the face of disorder and doubts, uncertainty, indefiniteness, and chaos. By being flexible, he is able to persevere and put things in their proper perspective and outlook in the face of disturbance. 4. Philosophy deepens the student's self-awareness. A self-aware student does not entertain illusions and reasons to justify his beliefs and actions. 5. In relation to deepening of self-awareness, philosophy also increases the student's awareness of the world. When awareness increases, he becomes more dynamic, more critical and more discerning of the significant influence of his life. 6. Philosophy helps student to be creative. By being creative, he develops a philosophical perspective on problems, issues, and concerns that is unique and distinctive. He engages his life on a deeper level to give meaning to it.  Importance of philosophy 7. Philosophy helps the student to be imaginative. By being imaginative, he is able to deal openly with new possibilities and changes in how he sees things. A true philosopher wonders about such questions as "Who am I?", "Why am I here? "Why is there order in the universe?" etc. He ponders on the meaning of all of these. 8. Philosophy provides the student with better intellectual perspective and outlook. He becomes more tolerant, more open-minded, less biased and more sympathetic to views that might even conflict or compete with his own view. He realizes that the belief of one philosopher is not necessarily true or another's false but is the usefulness of the belief within a given context.  Importance of philosophy 9. Philosophy gives the student personal freedom the freedom from biases, prejudices and conviction, and domination of behavior that have grown up in his mind. By being free, he can make suggestions and decisions and act according to those decisions. In fact, when the students begin to philosophize, he will find that even the most everyday things in life may lead to problems to which very incomplete and unsatisfactory answers can be given. 10. Philosophy helps the student to refine his power of analysis - the power to think critically, reason, evaluate, theorize and justify. The powers of analysis are the tools of philosophy. These tools enable him to apply to them constructively to his own affairs.  In a Philosophy will transform you by turning your mind to the consideration of the most basic questions concerning reality, human existence, nutshell… and God, you open yourself to a world of possibilities for understanding the world and our place in it. By exercising your mind in the disciplines of critical and logical and ethical thought, you gain the ability to imagine, debate, and clarify the nature of the good life. Philosophy encourages and empowers you to discover what really is true and good, and to distinguish it from what merely appears so. As Plato explained long ago, this is liberating. How we learn to think about ourselves and the world have the power to transform the way we process our experiences, and consequently the way we will choose to live. The study of philosophy provides one with the intellectual tools necessary to evaluate different possible life-choices so that one will be better prepared to find a meaningful direction for one's life. WHAT IS THE CONNECTION OF ETHICS TO PHILOSOPHY?  Branches of Philosophy branches Focus Questions 1. Metaphysics study of existence: the Why am I here? fundamental questions Where will I go of reality later in life? 2. Epistemology study of knowledge: How do I know that how we know about I know? reality and existence Why do I know about it? 3. Logic study of reasoning and Why is it valid? argument How do you argue correctly? Let’s ponder! Let’s ponder! Let’s ponder ! Activity no. 1 Choose one (1) quotation coming from a philosopher. Have a printed copy of it on a short bond paper. At the back of your short bond paper, explain the quotation and elaborate how it affects your actions and the way you deal with life. Share and present your chosen quotation to the rest of the class. YOU WILL BE GRADED BASED ON: CONTENT – 50% DELIVERY/ PRESENTATION – 40% CLEANLINESS OF OUTPUT/PROMPTNE