Overview of the Immune System PDF

Overview of the Immune System The Latin term immunis, meaning “exempt,” is the source of the English word immunity, meaning the state of protection from infectious disease. The discipline of immunology grew out of the observation that individuals who had recovered from certain infectious diseases...

Overview of the Immune System The Latin term immunis, meaning “exempt,” is the source of the English word immunity, meaning the state of protection from infectious disease. The discipline of immunology grew out of the observation that individuals who had recovered from certain infectious diseases were thereafter protected from the disease. Immune system Defence Homostasis Immunosurveillance Application Prevention Vaccination Diagnosis ; Serological Tests Immunothrapy Transfusion Transplantation  Immune responses can be both beneficial and harmful Figure 1-34 Figure 1-2 Characteristics Recognition self from non self Adaptiveness Specificity Memory  Immunity “State of protection from infectious diseases” Im munity S pe cifi c (A q uired) N o ns pe c ifi c (In na te) Immune system Innate, Natural, Primary Immunity Acquired, Adaptive, secondary Immunity  Nonspecific Immunity “Basic resistance to disease that a species possesses” Nonspecific Immunity Barriers Inflammatory Endocytic or Phagocytic Physiologic Anatom ic Cells of Innate Immunity Cells of Adaptive Immunity Neutrophils Dendritic cells NK cells B cells Macrophages T cells (CD4 or CD8) Mast cells Eosinophils Basophils Innate and adaptive responses work together Innate Adaptive  Antigen independent Antigen-dependent  Immediate (hours) Slower (days)  Neutrophils T cells  NK cells  Macrophages B cells Dendritic cells *Innate immune responses help form adaptive immune responses, and Adaptive immune responses utilize the machinery of innate immunity for effector function. The mechanisms of innate immunity provide the initial defense against infections. Adaptive immune responses develop later and require the activation of lymphocytes. The kinetics of the innate and adaptive immune responses are approximations and may vary in different infections.