NCM 117 History Mental Health - Psychiatric Nursing Practice PDF

NCM 117: HISTORY BENJAMIN RUSH Founder of modern medicine MENTAL HEALTH – PSYCHIATRIC NURSING PRACTICE The first to...

NCM 117: HISTORY BENJAMIN RUSH Founder of modern medicine MENTAL HEALTH – PSYCHIATRIC NURSING PRACTICE The first to believe that mental illness is a disease of the mind and not a "possession of demons." PREHISTORIC TIMES Father of American psychiatry TRIBAL RITES- because they do not know the cause or the illness DR. EDWARD B. COWLES American psychiatrist EARLY GREEK AND ROMAN ERA Medical superintendent of the McLean Hospital in They are placed in temples Massachusetts Advocate for hospital functions that encompassed patient MIDDLE AGES treatment, research, and teaching. Treatment is left to priests believing that they are possessed by demons. 19TH CENTURY The first authentic textbook of psychiatric disorders was 16TH CENTURY published in 1845 JAILS, DUNGEONS, LUNATIC ASYLUMS Barbaric way of treatment EASTERN PSYCHIATRIC HOSPITAL Not treated as human beings DOROTHEA LYNDE DIX KING HENRY VIII Social reformer Mad king Nurse Considered as influential but known to have psychiatric Campaigned and raised funds for hospitals, asylums, and disorder buildings for mentally ill Dedicated the Bethlehem Hospital as a mental hospital Historically known for his 6 wives which 2 of them were JEAN MARTIN CHARCOT beheaded Morbid or pathogenic ideas Hysterical manifestations 17TH CENTURY Introduced morbid ideas could result to manifestations ANATOMY OF MELANCHOLY- Robert Burton (hysterical manifestations) If the mind of the person is always morbid, it will lead to 18TH CENTURY hysterical manifestations. PHILIPPE PINEL Freed those in jail mentally ill patients EMIL KRAEPELIN (1856-1926) OF GERMANY Liberator of the insane Classification of mental disorder Advocated for humane treatment of mentally ill patients Dementia praecox- coined this term describing the Father of Modern Psychiatry symptoms of now called schizophrenia Moral treatment of psychiatric pt Science of psychiatry began on his time SIGMUND FREUD (1856-1939) Psychoanalytic Theory ESQUIROL Father of Psychoanalysis Jean-Étienne-Dominique Esquirol Exponent of the unconscious portion of the mind and Continued his professors crusade for humane treatment Psychosocial development of man. A student of Philippe Pinel, Esquirol succeeded his Psychosexual Theory distinguished teacher as physician in chief at the Salpêtrière Hospital in Paris in 1811 20TH CENTURY DR. ADOLF MEYER BENJAMIN FRANKLIN Psychobiological Theory Founded Pennsylvania Hospital together with Dr. Thomas Bond CLIFFORD BEERS Pennysylvania Hospital- dedicated for the sick, poor, and A mind that found itself insane Founded Mental Hygiene Association "to care for the sick-poor and insane who were wandering Former mentally ill patient the streets of Philadelphia." After he recovered, he wrote a mind that found itself MRPP © 2022 l NOTES BY: JAN FAITH RAMOS 1 2nd SEMESTER l PRELIM DR. HARRY STACK SULLIVAN (1892-1949) RANK Interpersonal Theory Otto Rank Author of Birth Trauma and Separation Anxiety Theory HISTORICAL BACKGROUND The first world-wide Mental Health Year was SIMON AND BINET inaugurated in 1960 with the following objectives: Founder of IQ Testing 1. Consideration of the needs of children and family in a changing world; ALFRED ADLER 2. The teaching of the mental health; Will Power Theory 3. The teaching of principles of mental health; Striving for superiority is only compensatory for feelings 4. Mental health and the sociological aspects of of inferiority industrial change; 5. The psychological problems of migration. JOHN WATSON Father of behaviorism DR. FRANZ KALLMANN Study of identical twins VIKTOR FRANKL If 1 twin has schizophrenia, the other twin has 86% Man’s Search for Meaning chance to develop this condition Spiritual Therapy If 1 twin has Bipolar Disorder, the other twin has 96% chance to develop this condition CARL ROGERS Person-Centered Therapy or also known as client- EUGENE BLEULER centered therapy 1857-1939 Swiss CARL JUNG Coined the term Schizophrenia in 1911 Collective Unconscious: Extrovert, Introvert, Ambivert Typology of the Mind DR. MANFRED SAKEL 1900-1957 ASCIEPIADES Introduced Insulin Shock Therapy Father of Psychiatry Sigmund Freud was believed to be inspired by his work. LADISLAS J. MEDUNA 1896-1964 SISA Pentylenetetrazole (Metrazol) Considered the epitome of a Filipino woman’s suffering, a Metrazol: produce convulsions statue was erected in her honor at the entrance of the NCMH compound. CERLETTI AND BINI Some believed that Sisa is a real person while others think 1938 that she is only fictional made by Rizal to depict the Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) Spaniards’ treatment to woman during the Spanish colonialism. OTHER SIGNIFICANT PERSONS IN Behind Sisa's statue is a bridge with a fountain on its both PSYCHIATRIC NURSING sides called the Bridge of Hope ST. DYMPHNA Patron Saint of the Insane HANS BERGER Victim of her father who went insane because of the Electroencephalography (EEG) death of her mother. (Probably because of depression) Her father asked his men to look for a woman who looked EGAS MONIZ exactly like his dead wife but found no one. Not until he Lobotomy or psychosurgery; developer of cerebral saw Dymphna who had later grown and looked like her angiography mother. Dymphna tried to run away but was found and killed by her father. FRANZ ANTON MESMER The place where Dymphna were killed is now considered Hypnotism, Mesmerism a sacred place where some miracles are believed to happen there. DOROTHY M. SMITH The patron saint of hospitals and nursing is St. Elizabeth Remotivation Technique (she used rhythm and poetry to of Hungary. engage clients who are mute) MRPP © 2022 l NOTES BY: JAN FAITH RAMOS 2 2nd SEMESTER l PRELIM M. JONES 1917 Therapeutic Community or Therapeutic Milieu all patients paid for by the government were transferred to San Lazaro Hospital JOSEPH PRATT Group Psychotherapy 1918 The City of Manila erected its own hospital, the City JOSEPH WOLPE Sanitorium Desensitization (Behavior Therapy for phobic patients) 1925 FRITZ PERLS 64-hectare site was acquired at Barrio San Felipe Neri, Gestalt Therapy (from technique-oriented psychotherapy) Mandaluyong, Rizal IVAN PAVLOV DECEMBER 17, 1928 Classical Conditioning Insular Psychopathic Hospital later renamed the National Psychopathic Hospital, with a LINDA RICHARDS capacity of 400 beds, was formally opened for service for The first American Psychiatric Nurse was a graduate of the care and treatment of the mentally ill the New England Hospital for Women Insular Psychopathic Hospital Directed a school of Psychiatric Nursing at the McLean  Psychiatric Asylum in Waverly, Massachusetts in 1880. National Psychopathic Hospital  National Mental Hospital HARRIET BAILEY  Author of the first psychiatric nursing textbook, “Nursing National Center for Mental Health Mental Diseases” (1920) 1935 SKINNER The city sanitorium was closed and all its patients Operant Conditioning transferred to the National Psychopathic Hospital. The war stopped the expansion program in 1941. BETTELHEIM Infantile autism is due to parental rejection At the START OF THE WORLD WAR II in January 1942, there were 3,156 patients ASHERMAN 2,062- admitted during the war Family Therapy 5,228- total 307- patients remained in 1945 HISTORY OF THE NATIONAL CENTER FOR MENTAL 2,191- discharged HEALTH (NCMH) 2,624- died 19 CENTURY TH a sailor of the Spanish Navy became mentally ill Some portions of the hospital were used as emergency most patients are Spanish Sailors wards for sick and dying Filipino soldiers released by the treatment was in Hospicio de San Jose, in Manila Japanese from concentration camps during the period of medical doctors and nuns Japanese occupation of the Philippines. Hospicio de San Jose was owned by nuns AFTER THE WORLD WAR II, admission increased a rapid originally for orphans but was later used to treat mentally ill Spanish Sailors rate. Patient’s population reached 2,030 in 1950 1904 5,896 in 1960 “Insane Department” was opened at San Lazaro Hospital 7,435 in 1970 o San Lazaro Hospital is originally for infectious 8,700 in 1975 disease hospital, there’s only an insane department National Psychopathic Hospital was renamed the Dr. Elias Domingo: 1st trained doctor in psychiatry, 1st NATIONAL MENTAL HOSPITAL and later the NATIONAL director of the mental hospital CENTER FOR MENTAL HEALTH 1918: City Sanitarium was constructed for manila residents MRPP © 2022 l NOTES BY: JAN FAITH RAMOS 3 2nd SEMESTER l PRELIM OBJECTIVES OF THE NATIONAL CENTER FOR MENTAL LIBERATION PERIOD AND ERA OF THE REPUBLIC HEALTH National Psychopathic Hospital renamed to NATIONAL Care, treatment and rehabilitation of the mentally ill. MENTAL HOSPITAL. Prevention of mental disorders, and promotion of mental 1946- V. Luna General Hospital established psychiatric health consciousness. service. Training and education of medical and paramedical ECT mode of treatment personnel, including student affiliates. Hypnosis and group therapy were the treatment Researches in Psychiatry, neurology, neuropathology and modalities. related disciplines. 1947- UST opened Neuropsychiatry Section 1949- Philippine Mental Health Association was founded. METHODS OF TREATMENT IN NCMH 1956- University of the East Ramon Magsaysay Memorial Primarily ECT Medical Center established psychiatry dept. SOMATIC o ECT do not use anesthesia 1958- Phil. General Hospital opened its own before but uses one now THERAPY neuropsychiatry section. o ECT is discouraged nowadays. o ECT is used for depression 1973- first textbook- An Outline of Psychiatric Nursing by Primarily tranquilizers and anti- Jesusa Bagan Lara. CHEMOTHERAPY depressant drugs NENITA YASAY DAVADILLA- 1st psychiatric nurse sent Use of occupational and abroad to obtain masters degree recreational therapy MAGDA CAROLINA GO VERA LLAMANZARES- 1st o Occupational therapy example: Child Psychiatric Nurse Teaching pt how to decorate or ERGOTHERAPY UP COLLEGE OF NURSING 1968- 1st Graduate program crafts preparing them for discharge SOTERA CAPELLA- 1st Chief Nurse o Recreational therapy example: The National Center for Mental Health Calisthenics or play activities 4,200 bed capacity Use of religion. The patients are encouraged to attend church SYSTEMIC CHANGES IN MENTAL HEALTH CARE LOGOTHERAPY services and group sessions with Away from symptom stabilization toward recovery and the chaplain. reintegration Individual and group PSYCHOTHERAPY Away from view that professionals have all the answers, psychotherapy are utilized moving toward more involvement of consumers and family HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF PSYCHIATRY IN THE members. PHILIPPINES Aways from medication management toward holistic Belief in native healers performing healing process that thinking can be spiritual, magical, and interpersonal. Community based care- prevent mental health problems and treat existing disorders PRE-SPANISH REGIME Develop a continuum of care that coordinates the Believed in a world that is equally material and spiritual activities of diverse treatment sources and facilities Healers are called babaylan (shaman) and sorcerer healing. Babaylan are abomination to God. If they disobeyed the spiritual world they would be punished in the material world. SPANISH RULE Mental illness caused by an act of sorcery Belief in mangkukulam and manggagaway Treatment is done by herbolarios Used of bamboo sticks and herbs Hysteric patient are thrown in the river JAPANESE TIME National Psychopathic Hospital Electroshock MRPP © 2022 l NOTES BY: JAN FAITH RAMOS 4 2nd SEMESTER l PRELIM