Introduction of Anesthesia PDF

AWAD MOHAMMED ALQAHTANI BSc of Anesthesia Technology King Khalid University, Muhayil Asir 1  The term was defined in Bailey’s an Universal Etymological English Dictionary ( 1721 ) as “ defect of sensation “ 2...

AWAD MOHAMMED ALQAHTANI BSc of Anesthesia Technology King Khalid University, Muhayil Asir 1  The term was defined in Bailey’s an Universal Etymological English Dictionary ( 1721 ) as “ defect of sensation “ 2  Oliver Wendell Holmes used its present meaning(Anesthesia) (1846) means the sleeplike state makes possible painless surgery. 3 4  The specialty of anesthesia began in the mid- nineteenth century.  Ancient civilizations had used opium poppy, coca leaves, mandrake root, alcohol to allow surgeon to operate.  Ancient Egyptians used the combination of opium poppy ( containing morphine ) and hyoscyamus ( containing scopolamine ). 5  Ether :  Prepared in 1540 by Valerius Cordus.  Crawford W. Long and William Clark used it on patients in 1842.  However, they did not publicize their discover. 6  In Boston 16 October 1846 :  The first successful surgical anesthesia. 7  Chloroform : Chloroform was independently prepared in 1831 by Von Leibig, Guthrie, and Souberian. First Used in 1847 by Holmes Coots. Chloroform used into clinical practice by professor James Simpson, who administrated it to his patients to relieve pain of labour. 8 9   Nitrous oxide (N2O): Produced by Joseph Priestly 1772, Humphrey Davy first noted its analgesic properties in 1800. Horace Wells first used it in humans for anesthesia in 1844 10  Intravenous anesthesia required the invention of hypodermic syringe and needle by Alexander Wood in 1855 o Pierre Cyprien Ore  Pioneer of IVA  Chloral hydrate in 1872 o Barbiturates were synthesized 1903  For induction of anesthesia 11  Ketamine :  Synthesized in 1965 by Stevens, and First used clinically in 1970.  Propofol:  The released of propofol in 1986.  Propofol is currently the most popular agent for intravenous induction worldwide. 12  The development of the independent medical specialty of anesthesiology would not occur until the early 20th century. 13  Ether anesthesia quickly was adopted in England.  John Snow Considered the father of the anesthesia specialty.  In England, in 1893, the first organization of physician specialists in anesthesia, “The Society of Anesthetists”  14  In the United States, only few physicians had specialized in anesthesia by 1900.  the first organization of physician anesthetists was Long Island Society of anesthetists formed in 1905. 15  Dr.Mohamed Ishaq Al Khawashki : The shortage of anesthetists and the increasing surgical specialties in Saudi Arabia, imposed a huge dilemma on the service. In order to face this problem, there was only one way to cover the continuous expanding surgical services by establishing technical institutes to produce anesthesia technicians able to work under supervision of consultants. This was known as the technician’s era. 16 17  Prof. MOHAMMED ABDULLAH SERAJ : THE FATHER OF ANAESTHESIA IN THE KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA. Anesthesia department started very small at King Abdul-Aziz University Hospital, King Saud University. It had only two operating theatres with a total of 70 beds. He was requested to prepare the curriculum for the bachelor degree in Anaesthesia. 18 19  Practice of medicine used to the relief of pain and total care of the surgical patient before, during, and after surgery.  Anesthesiologists : are a physician who complete a six years of medical school and four more year anesthesiology residency training program.  Anesthesia technologist : professional works under the direction of an anesthesia care provider as a vital member of the anesthesia care team. 20  Anesthesiologist is the perioperative physician :  Provides medical care to each patient.  Evaluating the patient before surgery (preoperative).  Consulting with the surgical team.  Providing pain control.  Supporting of life functions during surgery (intraoperative).  Supervising care after surgery (postoperative). 21  The role of anesthesiologist is to provide continual medical assessment of the patient Monitor and control the patient’s vital functions  Heart rate, rhythm, breathing, blood pressure, body temperature, fluid balance  Immediately diagnose and treat any medical problems during surgery or recovery period Control pain and level of unconsciousness 22  Patients are transferred to recovery room after surgery Allowing them to emerge fully from the anesthetics’ effects  They are observed by skilled nursing personnel After stabilization sufficiently, transferred to regular room or home 23  Sedation and providing anesthesia outside the operating room Magnetic resonance imaging, cardiac catheterization etc.  Share in cardiopulmonary resuscitation  In childbirth, anesthesiologists manage the care of two persons  Anesthesiologists are also involved in pain management, to diagnose and treatment of acute and chronic problems. 24 Questions are welcome 24  Clinical Anesthesiology 6th edition 2018 the Author ; G.Morgan. Maged Mikhail and Michael Murray, chapter 1, pages : 1-6 26 Thank You 27