1. Introduction to Geology.pdf

Distribution of these lecture materials (electronic or hardcopy), in part or in whole, is strictly prohibited without prior written permission from the faculty of NIGS, UP Diliman. Any unauthorized use of these materials shall be subject to disciplinary action st...

Distribution of these lecture materials (electronic or hardcopy), in part or in whole, is strictly prohibited without prior written permission from the faculty of NIGS, UP Diliman. Any unauthorized use of these materials shall be subject to disciplinary action st (1 Semester, AY 2024-2025).  ESA/Eumetsat (2023) 1: Introduction to Geology Geol 11: Principles of Geology 1st Sem, AY 2024-2025 Kirk Justin S. Ramos Objectives  Define geology in simple terms  Recognize the different branches of geology  Explain and compare the early schools of thought in geology Geol 11 1S AY2425 | Introduction to Geology 2 Topics I. Definition of Geology II. Geology as a Discipline III. Branches of Geology IV. Early Schools of Thought Geol 11 1S AY2425 | Introduction to Geology 3 Topics I. Definition of Geology II. Geology as a Discipline III. Branches of Geology IV. Early Schools of Thought Geol 11 1S AY2425 | Introduction to Geology 4  Geology geo + logos (Greek) Earth + study of / discourse The study of the earth (and other extraterrestrial bodies), its form and composition, and the processes it has undergone and is undergoing (Lutgens & Tarbuck, 2012) Geol 11 1S AY2425 | Definition of Geology 5 Topics I. Definition of Geology II. Geology as a Discipline 1. Relevance of time 2. Issue of scale 3. Complexity of replicating natural phenomena III. Branches of Geology IV. Early Schools of Thought Geol 11 1S AY2425 | Introduction to Geology 6 1. Relevance of time “Geologic” time – deep time All processes/events are relative to each other against time Tarbuck & Lutgens (2017) Geol 11 1S AY2425 | Geology as a Discipline 7 2. Issue of scale Geol 170 Class (2022) Small vs large 1:2,000,000 1:1,000,000 Geol 11 1S AY2425 | Geology as a Discipline 8 2. Issue of scale Small vs large Micro vs macro Woodwalker (2006) Waters (2003) 500 um Geol 11 1S AY2425 | Geology as a Discipline 9  © Stefen Chow 2. Issue of scale Small vs large Micro vs macro Local vs regional NASA (2013) Geol 11 1S AY2425 | Geology as a Discipline 10 3. Complexity of replicating natural phenomena Simplified models 1000 km Tapponnier et al. (1982) Geol 11 1S AY2425 | Geology as a Discipline 11 Objectives  Define geology in simple terms  Recognize the different branches of geology  Explain and compare the early schools of thought in geology Geol 11 1S AY2425 | Introduction to Geology 12 Topics I. Definition of Geology II. Geology as a Discipline III. Branches of Geology 1. Physical Geology 2. Historical Geology IV. Early Schools of Thought Geol 11 1S AY2425 | Introduction to Geology 13 1. Physical Geology Examines the Earth’s rocks and minerals and seeks to understand the processes that operate beneath or on its surface Most branches fall under this category Tarbuck & Lutgens (2017) Geol 11 1S AY2425 | Branches of Geology 14 2. Historical Geology The study of the origin and evolution of the Earth through time ICS (2023) Geol 11 1S AY2425 | Branches of Geology 15  © Mindat.org 1. Physical Geology Mineralogy Petrology Volcanology Structural Geology Seismology © Alex Strekeisen Environmental Geology Engineering Geology Mining Geology Petroleum Geology Geomorphology Planetary Geology 1 mm Geol 11 1S AY2425 | Branches of Geology 16 1. Physical Geology Mineralogy Petrology Volcanology Structural Geology Seismology Environmental Geology Engineering Geology Mining Geology Petroleum Geology Geomorphology Geol 170 Class (2022) Planetary Geology Geol 11 1S AY2425 | Branches of Geology 17 1. Physical Geology Mineralogy Petrology Volcanology Structural Geology Seismology Environmental Geology Engineering Geology Mining Geology Petroleum Geology Geomorphology Planetary Geology © NDTV Profit Geol 11 1S AY2425 | Branches of Geology 18 1. Physical Geology Mineralogy Petrology Volcanology Structural Geology Seismology Environmental Geology Engineering Geology Mining Geology Petroleum Geology Geomorphology Planetary Geology Geol 11 1S AY2425 | Branches of Geology 19 1. Physical Geology Mineralogy Petrology Volcanology Structural Geology Seismology Environmental Geology Engineering Geology Mining Geology Petroleum Geology Geomorphology © iris.edu Planetary Geology Geol 11 1S AY2425 | Branches of Geology 20 1. Physical Geology Mineralogy Petrology Volcanology Structural Geology Seismology Environmental Geology Engineering Geology Mining Geology Petroleum Geology Geomorphology Planetary Geology Geol 11 1S AY2425 | Branches of Geology 21 1. Physical Geology Mineralogy Petrology Volcanology Structural Geology Seismology Environmental Geology Engineering Geology Mining Geology Petroleum Geology Geomorphology Planetary Geology © enggeo.co.nz Geol 11 1S AY2425 | Branches of Geology 22 1. Physical Geology Mineralogy Petrology Volcanology Structural Geology Seismology Environmental Geology Engineering Geology Mining Geology Petroleum Geology Geomorphology Planetary Geology Ramos (2023) Geol 11 1S AY2425 | Branches of Geology 23 1. Physical Geology Mineralogy Petrology Volcanology Structural Geology Seismology Environmental Geology Engineering Geology Mining Geology Petroleum Geology Geomorphology © spectro.com Planetary Geology Geol 11 1S AY2425 | Branches of Geology 24 1. Physical Geology Mineralogy Petrology Volcanology Structural Geology Seismology Environmental Geology Engineering Geology Mining Geology Petroleum Geology Geomorphology Planetary Geology Geol 11 1S AY2425 | Branches of Geology 25 1. Physical Geology Mineralogy Petrology Volcanology Structural Geology Seismology Environmental Geology Engineering Geology Mining Geology Petroleum Geology Geomorphology Planetary Geology © geology.com Geol 11 1S AY2425 | Branches of Geology 26 2. Historical Geology Paleontology Stratigraphy Geochronology © 123rf.com Geol 11 1S AY2425 | Branches of Geology 27 2. Historical Geology Paleontology Stratigraphy Geochronology © McKnight (GeoCorps), 2012 Geol 11 1S AY2425 | Branches of Geology 28 2. Historical Geology Paleontology Stratigraphy Geochronology © cameca.com Geol 11 1S AY2425 | Branches of Geology 29 Objectives  Define geology in simple terms  Recognize the different branches of geology  Explain and compare the early schools of thought in geology Geol 11 1S AY2425 | Introduction to Geology 30 Topics I. Definition of Geology II. Geology as a Discipline III. Branches of Geology IV. Early Schools of Thought 1. Catastrophism 2. Uniformitarianism Geol 11 1S AY2425 | Introduction to Geology 31 1. Catastrophism Baron Georges Cuvier, 16th century Sudden, worldwide catastrophes are the agents of change that alter the physical features of the Earth over time and that the latter remains unchanged in between these periods of upheavals Widely accepted by theologians in the early 1800s due to similarity with Biblical events © Smithsonian Magazine Geol 11 1S AY2425 | Early Schools of Thought 32 2.Uniformitarianism James Hutton, 18th century (The Father of Modern Geology) The Earth is continuously modified by geologic processes that have always operated throughout time (at different rates) The physical, chemical, and biological laws that operate today also operated in the past © utc.usf.edu Geol 11 1S AY2425 | Early Schools of Thought 33 2.Uniformitarianism “The present is the key to the past.” Popularized by Charles Lyell’s Principles of Geology Actualism The Earth has been around for a very long time © wiki.sjs.org Geol 11 1S AY2425 | Early Schools of Thought 34 Objectives  Define geology in simple terms  Recognize the different branches of geology  Explain and compare the early schools of thought in geology Geol 11 1S AY2425 | Introduction to Geology 35 Reference Tarbuck, E. J., Lutgens, F. K., & Tasa, D. (2017). Earth: An introduction to physical geology. Pearson. Geol 11 1S AY2425 | Introduction to Geology 36