Geology 11: Principles of Geology Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which branch of geology focuses on the study of rocks and their formation?

  • Mineralogy
  • Volcanology
  • Seismology
  • Petrology (correct)

    • What is the literal meaning of 'geology' derived from its Greek roots?

  • Earth + study of (correct)
  • Earth + exploration
  • Earth + history
  • Earth + environment

    • What is the primary focus of paleontology in historical geology?

  • Study of fossils and ancient life (correct)
  • Determining the age of rocks
  • Analysis of rock layers
  • Study of past climates

    • Which branch of geology involves the study of earth's surface processes and landforms?

    <p>Geomorphology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the relevance of time in geology?

    <p>Geologic time allows for the examination of events relative to each other.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which branch of geology is concerned with the study of earthquakes?

    <p>Seismology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What issue is highlighted by the term 'scale' in geology?

    <p>Geological processes must be viewed both microscopically and macroscopically.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a recognized branch of geology?

    <p>Social geology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main concern of environmental geology?

    <p>Understanding geological hazards and their effects on humans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary focus of geology as a discipline?

    <p>Understanding the conditions in which geological processes occur.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which early school of thought in geology is primarily concerned with the Earth's physical properties?

    <p>Uniformitarianism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process does geology primarily study?

    <p>The Earth and other celestial bodies, their compositions and processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the distribution of lecture materials is correct?

    <p>Faculty permission is required for any distribution of lecture materials.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does physical geology primarily examine?

    <p>The Earth's rocks and minerals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which branch of geology focuses on the origin and evolution of the Earth through time?

    <p>Historical Geology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a sub-discipline of physical geology?

    <p>Geochemistry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of environmental geology?

    <p>The relationship between geology and the environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the issue of scale in geology?

    <p>It contrasts small and large geological features.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a branch under physical geology?

    <p>Geomorphology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of simplified models in geology?

    <p>They allow for easy understanding of geological processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which early school of thought is likely to emphasize large geological processes?

    <p>Macro geology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which branch of geology focuses on the study of minerals?

    <p>Mineralogy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the field of petrology primarily examine?

    <p>Rocks and their origins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which branch of geology would most likely study the impact of human activities on geological features?

    <p>Environmental Geology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The analysis of earthquake waves and their effects falls under which geological discipline?

    <p>Seismology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which branch of geology is primarily concerned with the study of landforms and the processes that shape them?

    <p>Geomorphology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of geology involves the exploration for and extraction of fossil fuels?

    <p>Petroleum Geology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The study of volcanoes and associated phenomena is known as?

    <p>Volcanology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which discipline would investigate the structural features of rocks, such as folds and faults?

    <p>Structural Geology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is known as the Father of Modern Geology?

    <p>James Hutton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the principle of catastrophism suggest about changes in the Earth's features?

    <p>Changes happen due to sudden, worldwide catastrophes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What statement best represents the view of uniformitarianism?

    <p>The present is the key to understanding the past.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant belief held by theologians regarding catastrophism in the early 1800s?

    <p>It aligns with historical events described in religious texts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following concepts is associated with Charles Lyell's work?

    <p>Actualism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Course Overview

    • Course Title: Geol 11: Principles of Geology
    • Semester: 1st Sem, AY 2024-2025
    • Instructor: Kirk Justin S. Ramos

    Objectives

    • Define geology in simple terms
    • Recognize different branches of geology
    • Discuss and compare early schools of thought in geology

    Definition of Geology

    • Origin of the term: From Greek "geo" (Earth) and "logos" (study/discourse)
    • Definition: The study of the Earth and other extraterrestrial bodies, including their form, composition, and geological processes.

    Geology as a Discipline

    • Relevance of Time: Geologic time refers to deep time, marking processes/events contingent upon time.
    • Scale Issues: Geology explores relative scales:
      • Micro vs. Macro
      • Local vs. Regional
    • Complexity: Natural phenomena are complex to replicate, requiring simplified models for study.

    Branches of Geology

    • Physical Geology: Focuses on Earth's materials and processes. Studies include:
      • Mineralogy
      • Petrology
      • Volcanology
      • Structural Geology
      • Seismology
      • Environmental Geology
      • Engineering Geology
      • Mining Geology
      • Petroleum Geology
      • Geomorphology
      • Planetary Geology
    • Historical Geology: Examines Earth's origin and evolution over time, including:
      • Paleontology
      • Stratigraphy
      • Geochronology

    Early Schools of Thought

    • Catastrophism:
      • Proposed by Baron Georges Cuvier in the 16th century.
      • Suggests sudden, worldwide catastrophes alter Earth's features over time, with periods of stability in between.
      • Gained acceptance among theologians due to parallels with Biblical events.
    • Uniformitarianism:
      • Introduced by James Hutton in the 18th century (known as the Father of Modern Geology).
      • Asserts that Earth is continuously modified by consistent geologic processes operating throughout time at varying rates.
      • Charles Lyell popularized the idea: “The present is the key to the past,” supporting the notion of Actualism.

    Important References

    • Tarbuck, E.J., Lutgens, F.K., & Tasa, D. (2017). Earth: An Introduction to Physical Geology.

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