Genital Ulcers & Warts - PDF

Powered by Genital Ulcers and Warts gaP (g) as > - Genital ulcer disease is characterized...

Powered by Genital Ulcers and Warts gaP (g) as > - Genital ulcer disease is characterized by a breach in the skin or mucosa of the genitalia - - - and is primarily sexually transmitted. - Virus J ① - The most common cause of genital- ulcers is the Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), Car followed by syphilis (caused by Treponema pallidum) and chancroid (caused by - -bacteria - Haemophilus ducreyi). - ③ Ebacteria ① Treponema pallidum (Syphilis) flixible Spiral T. pallidum & Rod is exclusively a human pathogen with no animal reservoir, belonging to the => genera ofE spirochetes, known for their flexible, spiral-rod shape. - "yerd - of Tre & Diagnosis is based on specific and nonspecific antibodies; specific antibodies are Q - detectable via immunofluorescence or hemagglutination tests, while nonspecific reagin ② - antibodies are identified using tests like the VDRL and RPR, which use cardiolipin. - - D Transmission occurs through intimate contact (sexual), from lesions in infected I's offe individuals, and can also happen from pregnant women to fetuses, leading to congenital - syphilis. & & A B. The progression of syphilis is categorized into primary (chancre formation), secondary - 8 - - (maculopapular rash and systemic symptoms), and tertiary stages (gummas and - Case I - - - - neurological involvement). * - [. ji ↳. - neurological ↑ Immunity to syphilis is incomplete as antibodies do not prevent disease progression. - Congenital Syphilis Rashes & Q I'S 5/s - Congenital syphilis can lead I to stillbirth - - - or serious neonatal complications; early signs include a copper-colored rash and mucopurulent nasal discharge. = - - 8 A D Late symptoms of congenital syphilis involve skeletal deformities (Hutchinson’s teeth, & - - - 2 saber shins) and other complications such as hepatosplenomegaly and neurologic - ~g impairments. Laboratory Diagnosis of Syphilis -j5 · Syphilis 51 ① ② Microscopy reveals2spirochetes in lesions via dark field microscopy or direct fluorescent antibody tests; however, they cannot be detected by Gram - Xstain. & Non-specific serologic tests like the VDRL and RPR are used for screening but can yield & - - false positives due to other infections and autoimmune diseases. => - remain er Specific serologic tests such as the FTA-ABS and TPHA detect treponemal antibodies but > positive even after successful treatment. · syphilis diagnosis : Dimmunoflurecense ② hemagglutination ② Haemophilus ducreyi (Chancroid) > - cause ulcer ③ VDRL RPR - ⑤ dark field Obiredescent ⑦ FTA-ABS - H. ducreyi is a small gram-negative rod that causes chancroid, presenting as painful, non- - & ⑧ TBH A indurated ulcers and local lymphadenitis. - - - & - ① & (pruh-GREH-shun) In medicine, the course of a disease, such as A gumma (plural gummata or gummas) is a soft, non-cancerous cancer, as it becomes worse or growth resulting from the tertiary stage of syphilis (and yaws). spreads in the body. ulcer ① ② Diagnosis involves isolating H. ducreyi from ulcerative lesions or aspirated pus from lymph => - = - nodes, requiring chocolate blood agar enriched with heme. - & b Human Papillomavirus (HPV) ① 11 -6 + warts HPV is responsible for - benign tumors (warts) and is associated with cervical, penile, and - anal- cancers, particularly types 16 and 18. - - > - HPV comprises at least 100 virus types; types 1-4 primarily cause skin warts, while types 6 - - > and 11 cause genital warts. > - The oncogenes E6 and E7 of high-risk HPV types interfere with tumor suppressor proteins p53 and RB, leading to= malignant transformations. - & - D HPV is transmitted through skin-to-skin and genital contact; micro-abrasions facilitate the virus's entry into basal epithelial cells. & ↳ warts Clinical Findings and Diagnosis of HPV Infection Genital warts (condylomata acuminata) primarily caused by HPV-6 and HPV-11 are among the most common STIs. HPV > - Diagnosis of HPV infection is typically clinical, marked by the presence of& koilocytes in lesions; PCR testing can confirm high-risk genotypes such as HPV-16 and HPV-18. & Summary of Management for STIs Due to the association of syphilis with other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhea, comprehensive screening is essential when diagnosed with syphilis. Treatment strategies for infections like syphilis, chancroid, and HPV vary and must be based on appropriate laboratory findings and clinical evaluations. & ulcer > - HSU & wart > - HPV # -