BOTANY (Medicinal Plants) General Intro PDF

# **BOTANY** (Medicinal Plants) ## **(General Intro)** **Herbal Pharmacist** Dr. Ahmed Abu Talib ## **Introduction** Medicinal Plants Course - **Pharmacognosy** ⇨ It Is The Scientific Study Of Crude Drugs Of Vegetable, Animal Or Mineral Origin. Pharmacognosy Derived from - Pharmaco = Pharmako...

# **BOTANY** (Medicinal Plants) ## **(General Intro)** **Herbal Pharmacist** Dr. Ahmed Abu Talib ## **Introduction** Medicinal Plants Course - **Pharmacognosy** ⇨ It Is The Scientific Study Of Crude Drugs Of Vegetable, Animal Or Mineral Origin. Pharmacognosy Derived from - Pharmaco = Pharmakon (Drug or poison) - Gnosy = Gonosis (Acquire knowledge) The Entire Knowledge Of Drugs - **Natural Product** Substance Produced By Living Cells - **Crude Drug (Raw Material)** ➡ Natural substances of plant, animal or mineral origin. ⇨ Possess therapeutic properties & pharmacological actions. ⇨ Have undergone only the processes of collection (harvest) & drying. ## **Official Drug & Non Official Drug** ### **Official Drug** - Drug Listed And Described In The Pharmacopoeia ### **Non Official Drug** - Drug Not Listed In The Pharmacopoeia ## **Pharmacopoeia** ⇨ Book Recognized By The Government As The Legal Authority For Standards. ### **Types Of Pharmacopoeia** - Egyptian Pharmacopoeia (Ε.Ρ) - British Pharmacopoeia (B.P) - U.S.A Pharmacopoeia (U.S.P) ## **Examples Of Crude Drug** | Plant | Animal | Minerals | Exudate | Substances Derived From Plants Or Animals | |---|---|---|---|---| | Senna Leaves | Cochineal | Talc | Opium (Latex) | | | Clove Bud | | Chalk | Gum | | | Mentha | | | Gelatin | | | Cinnamon Bark | | | Beeswax | ## **NB** - **① Folk Medicine (Traditional)** الطب الشعبي - **② Phyto Therapy** ➡ Medical Practice That Is Based On Scientific Evidence. - **◉ Nutraceuticals** ➡ Any Food Component Used For Medicinal Purposes ➡e.g. Minerals, Vitamins, Amino Acids. ➡ Rules For The Sale And Promotion Of These Agents Have Been Set In The Dietary Supplement Health & Education Act Of 1994 - **Flora** - Book Devoted To The Plants Of Particular Region. ## **Classification Of Drugs** 1. **Alphabetical** ⇨ Latin or English (A⇨ Z) 2. **Taxonomical** ⇨ Phyla, Order, Family 3. **Morphological** - Organized Drugs (From organs & has Cellular structures) e.g. Leaves, Seeds, Fruits - Unorganized Drugs (not From organs & has no Cellular structures) e.g. Gum, Resin, waxes 4. **Chemical** ⇨ Active Constituents (A.C) e.g. Alkaloids, Volatile Oils. 5. **Pharmacological (Therapeutic)** ⇨ Medicinal Use (Astringents, Anthelmintic, Cardio Tonic, Laxatives) ## **✓ Monograph** A document that defines a botanical drug & provides information about the plant ## **Questions** ### **A) Mark True Or False With Correction Of The False** 1. Pharmacognosy Is The Scientific Study Of Crude Drug Of Plant Or Animal Or Mineral Origin. 2. Natural Product Is Substances Produced By Dead Cells. 3. Official Drugs Doesn't Listed In The Pharmacopoeia 4. Pharmacopoeia Means Legal Authority For Standards. 5. Unorganized Drugs Are From Organs ### **B) COMPLETE:** 1. Pharmacognosy Is Derived From A- Pharmaco = Pharmakon Which Means _ B- Gnosy Form Gonosis Which Means_ 2. Official Drug Is _ Is Substance Produced By Living Cells 3. Types Of Pharmacopeia Are :- A - _ B - _ 4. _ Of The _ Are Examples For Mineral Crude Drug. 5. Ways 3 _ Of The Drugs Are_ 6. The Chemical Classification Of The Drug Is Done According To _ ## **Origin (Sources) Of Drugs*** - Natural Or Biological Origin - Geographical Origin - Commercial Origin ## **1. Natural Or Biological Origin** - Depend on Binomial System (bi-two & nomial = name) -Developed by Linnaeus - Consist Of 2 Names - Genus Name - First letter is CAPITAL - species Name - First letter is small E.g **Atropa belladonna ** & ** Glycyrrhiza glabra ** | Genus | species | Genus | species | |---|---|---|---| | Atropa | belladonna | Glycyrrhiza | glabra | - Both Names Are Written Italized Or Underlined. - Author Name (Botanist Name) May Follow The Genus & Species Name ## **Species Name My Indicate Something** | Indicate | Examples | |---|---| | Plant Characters| Atropa belladonna (bella beautiful & donna lady) NB Atropa Mean Greek Fate Who Kills (Poisonous) | | Characterstic Colour | Piper nigrum ( nigrum ⇨ black) Digitalis purpurea (purpurea purple) | | Geographical Source | Cannabis indica (indica india) | | Pharmaceutical Activity | Strychnos nux vomica (vomica⇨ vomiting) Quillaia saponaria (saponaria saponin) | ## **2. Geographical Origin** 1. Drug Habitat ⇨ It Is The Region (Place) In Which Plant Grow 2. Indigenous Plant ⇨ It Is The Plant Grow In Native Countries 3. Exotic Plant ⇨ It Is The Plant Grow In Foreign Countries ## **Q) What Is The Importance Of Habitat ??** - To Give Identification About Soil Characters, Climate Conditions & Altitude. - e.g Cinchona calisaya - Native To Brazil & Grow At High Altitude & Worm Moist Conditions with High % of A.C. - (But Fail To Grow In India.... As India Has No Same Altitude As Brazil so Low % of A.C) ## **3. Commercial origin** - Refers To The Drug's Production And Its Channel Of Trade. | | | |---|---| | English hyoscymus | Gathered from England | | Alexandrian senna | Shipped From Alex. | |Spanish liquorice | Produced & shipped in Spain | ## **Production of Crude Drugs** 1. CULTIVATION 2. COLLECTION 3. DRYING 4. PACKING 5. STORAGE ## **QUESTIONS** ### **Q1: Put (T) For The True And (F) For The False Statement:** 1. Biological, Geographical & Commercial Are Examples For Drug Origin (Source) 2. First Letter Of Genuis Name Should Be Small 3. Binomial System Contains Genus Only 4. Bella In The Word (Belladonna) Means Beautiful 5. Purpurea In (Digitalis Purpurea) Means Yellow. 6. Saponaria In Quillaia Saponaria Mean Contain Saponin. 7. Indigenous Is The Drug Which Grow In It's Native Country. 8. Exotic Plant Mean Plant Grow In Foreign Countries. 9. Flora It Is Book Devoted To The Plants Of Particular Region. ### **Q2: Complete the following** 1. Natural Origin Depends On _ … System. 2. _ First Letter In Genus Name Is_ But In Species name is _ 3. Both Genius & Species Names Should Written _ Or _ 4. _ Name May Follow Genus & Species Names.