Expression of Ideas PDF

Question ID afec1a70 Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Rhetorical Synthesis ID: afec1a70 While researching a topic, a student has ta...

Question ID afec1a70 Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Rhetorical Synthesis ID: afec1a70 While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: As engineered structures, many bird nests are uniquely flexible yet cohesive. A research team led by Yashraj Bhosale wanted to better understand the mechanics behind these structural properties. Bhosale’s team used laboratory models that simulated the arrangement of flexible sticks into nest-like structures. The researchers analyzed the points where sticks touched one another. When pressure was applied to the model nests, the number of contact points between the sticks increased, making the structures stiffer. The student wants to present the primary aim of the research study. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal? A. Bhosale’s team wanted to better understand the mechanics behind bird nests’ uniquely flexible yet cohesive structural properties. B. The researchers used laboratory models that simulated the arrangement of flexible sticks and analyzed the points where sticks touched one another. C. After analyzing the points where sticks touched, the researchers found that the structures became stiffer when pressure was applied. D. As analyzed by Bhosale’s team, bird nests are uniquely flexible yet cohesive engineered structures. Question ID 660d50dc Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions ID: 660d50dc Samuel Coleridge-Taylor was a prominent classical music composer from England who toured the US three times in the early 1900s. The child of a West African father and an English mother, Coleridge-Taylor emphasized his mixed-race ancestry. For example, he referred to himself as Anglo-African. ______ he incorporated the sounds of traditional African music into his classical music compositions. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition? A. In addition, B. Actually, C. However, D. Regardless, Question ID 4d2736f0 Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions ID: 4d2736f0 In her poetry collection Thomas and Beulah, Rita Dove interweaves the titular characters’ personal stories with broader historical narratives. She places Thomas’s journey from the American South to the Midwest in the early 1900s within the larger context of the Great Migration. ______ Dove sets events from Beulah’s personal life against the backdrop of the US Civil Rights Movement. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition? A. Specifically, B. Thus, C. Regardless, D. Similarly, Question ID 39ccb463 Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Rhetorical Synthesis ID: 39ccb463 While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: The Atlantic Monthly magazine was first published in 1857. The magazine focused on politics, art, and literature. In 2019, historian Cathryn Halverson published the book Faraway Women and the “Atlantic Monthly.” Its subject is female authors whose autobiographies appeared in the magazine in the early 1900s. One of the authors discussed is Juanita Harrison. The student wants to introduce Cathryn Halverson’s book to an audience already familiar with the Atlantic Monthly. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal? A. Cathryn Halverson’s Faraway Women and the “Atlantic Monthly” discusses female authors whose autobiographies appeared in the magazine in the early 1900s. B. A magazine called the Atlantic Monthly, referred to in Cathryn Halverson’s book title, was first published in 1857. C. Faraway Women and the “Atlantic Monthly” features contributors to the Atlantic Monthly, first published in 1857 as a magazine focusing on politics, art, and literature. D. An author discussed by Cathryn Halverson is Juanita Harrison, whose autobiography appeared in the Atlantic Monthly in the early 1900s. Question ID 48d0bb34 Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Rhetorical Synthesis ID: 48d0bb34 While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: Sam Maloof (1916–2009) was an American woodworker and furniture designer. He was the son of Lebanese immigrants. He received a “genius grant” from the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation in 1985. The Museum of Fine Arts in Boston, Massachusetts, owns a rocking chair that Maloof made from walnut wood. The armrests and the seat of the chair are sleek and contoured, and the back consists of seven spindle-like slats. The student wants to describe the rocking chair to an audience unfamiliar with Sam Maloof. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal? A. With its sleek, contoured armrests and seat, the walnut rocking chair in Boston’s Museum of Fine Arts is just one piece of furniture created by American woodworker Sam Maloof. B. Sam Maloof was born in 1916 and died in 2009, and during his life, he made a chair that you can see if you visit the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston. C. Furniture designer Sam Maloof was a recipient of one of the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation’s “genius grants.” D. The rocking chair is made from walnut, and it has been shaped such that its armrests and seat are sleek and contoured. Question ID b46e0c8a Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Rhetorical Synthesis ID: b46e0c8a While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: Organisms release cellular material into their environment by shedding substances such as hair or skin. The DNA in these substances is known as environmental DNA, or eDNA. Researchers collect and analyze eDNA to detect the presence of species that are difficult to observe. Geneticist Sara Oyler-McCance’s research team analyzed eDNA in water samples from the Florida Everglades to detect invasive constrictor snake species in the area. The study determined a 91% probability of detecting Burmese python eDNA in a given location. The student wants to present the study to an audience already familiar with environmental DNA. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal? A. Sara Oyler-McCance’s researchers analyzed eDNA in water samples from the Florida Everglades for evidence of invasive constrictor snakes, which are difficult to observe. B. An analysis of eDNA can detect the presence of invasive species that are difficult to observe, such as constrictor snakes. C. Researchers found Burmese python eDNA, or environmental DNA, in water samples; eDNA is the DNA in released cellular materials, such as shed skin cells. D. Sara Oyler-McCance’s researchers analyzed environmental DNA (eDNA)—that is, DNA from cellular materials released by organisms—in water samples from the Florida Everglades. Question ID aa7e10d0 Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Rhetorical Synthesis ID: aa7e10d0 While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: Species belonging to the Orchidaceae (orchid) family can be found in both tropical and temperate environments. Orchidaceae species diversity has not been well studied in temperate forests, such as those in Oaxaca, Mexico. Arelee Estefanía Muñoz-Hernández led a study to determine how many different Orchidaceae species are present in the forests of Oaxaca. Muñoz-Hernández and her team collected orchids each month for a year at a site in Oaxaca. Seventy-four Orchidaceae species were present at the site. The student wants to present the study and its findings. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal? A. A study led by Arelee Estefanía Muñoz-Hernández identified a total of 74 Orchidaceae species in the temperate forests of Oaxaca, Mexico. B. There are orchids in many environments, but there are 74 Orchidaceae species in Oaxaca, Mexico. C. Oaxaca, Mexico, is home to temperate forests containing 74 Orchidaceae species. D. Arelee Estefanía Muñoz-Hernández and her team wanted to know how many different Orchidaceae species are present in the forests of Oaxaca, Mexico, so they conducted a study to collect orchids. Question ID 264e7415 Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Rhetorical Synthesis ID: 264e7415 While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: The Philadelphia and Lancaster Turnpike was a road built between 1792 and 1794. It was the first private turnpike in the United States. It connected the cities of Philadelphia and Lancaster in the state of Pennsylvania. It was sixty-two miles long. The student wants to emphasize the distance covered by the Philadelphia and Lancaster Turnpike. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal? A. The sixty-two-mile-long Philadelphia and Lancaster Turnpike connected the Pennsylvania cities of Philadelphia and Lancaster. B. The Philadelphia and Lancaster Turnpike was the first private turnpike in the United States. C. The Philadelphia and Lancaster Turnpike, which connected two Pennsylvania cities, was built between 1792 and 1794. D. A historic Pennsylvania road, the Philadelphia and Lancaster Turnpike was completed in 1794. Question ID e3edc138 Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions ID: e3edc138 In a heated debate in biogeography, the field is divided between dispersalists and vicariancists. ______ there are those who argue that dispersal is the most crucial determining factor in a species’ distribution, and those who insist that vicariance (separation due to geographic barriers) is. Biogeographer Isabel Sanmartín counts herself among neither. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition? A. Furthermore, B. By contrast, C. Similarly, D. That is, Question ID a40c7aa3 Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions ID: a40c7aa3 Most of the planets that have been discovered outside our solar system orbit G-type stars, like our Sun. In 2014, ______ researchers identified a planet orbiting KELT-9, a B-type star more than twice as massive and nearly twice as hot as the Sun. Called KELT-9b, it is one of the hottest planets ever discovered. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition? A. likewise, B. however, C. therefore, D. for example, Question ID 00221c00 Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions ID: 00221c00 In 1815, while in exile in Jamaica, Venezuelan revolutionary Simón Bolívar penned a letter praising England’s republican government and expressing hope that Latin American nations seeking independence from Spain might achieve something similar. The letter was addressed to a local merchant, Henry Cullen; ______ though, Bolívar’s goal was to persuade political leaders from England and Europe to support his cause. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition? A. additionally, B. ultimately, C. accordingly, D. consequently, Question ID af89fa02 Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions ID: af89fa02 The Babylonian king Hammurabi achieved much during his forty-year reign. He conquered all of Mesopotamia and built Babylon into one of the most powerful cities of the ancient world. Today, ______ he is mainly remembered for a code of laws inscribed on a seven-foot-tall block of stone: the Code of Hammurabi. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition? A. therefore, B. likewise, C. however, D. for instance, Question ID 16631d34 Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Rhetorical Synthesis ID: 16631d34 While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: The Million Song Dataset (MSD) includes main audio features and descriptive tags for popular songs. Audio features include acoustic traits such as loudness and pitch intervals. Many algorithms use these audio features to predict a new song’s popularity. These algorithms may fail to accurately identify main audio features of a song with varying acoustic traits. Algorithms based on descriptive tags that describe fixed traits such as genre are more reliable predictors of song popularity. The student wants to explain a disadvantage of relying on audio features to predict a song’s popularity. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal? A. Many popularity-predicting algorithms are based on a song’s audio features, such as loudness and pitch intervals. B. Algorithms based on audio features may misidentify the main features of a song with varying acoustic traits, making such algorithms less reliable predictors of popularity than those based on fixed traits. C. Audio features describe acoustic traits such as pitch intervals, which may vary within a song, whereas descriptive tags describe fixed traits such as genre, which are reliable predictors of popularity. D. The MSD’s descriptive tags are reliable predictors of a song’s popularity, as the traits they describe are fixed. Question ID e2693197 Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Rhetorical Synthesis ID: e2693197 While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: Oracles of the Pink Universe was a 2021 exhibition at the Denver Museum of Art in Colorado. It featured eight artworks by South African artist Simphiwe Ndzube. One of these works is a painting titled Assertion of Will. Assertion of Will depicts three standing figures. The figures wear clothing made of fabric pieces stitched to the painting’s canvas. The student wants to describe how fabric is used in Assertion of Will. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal? A. In Assertion of Will, the figures’ clothing is made of fabric pieces stitched to the painting’s canvas. B. The exhibition Oracles of the Pink Universe featured artworks by artist Simphiwe Ndzube. C. Depicting three standing, clothed figures, Assertion of Will is a painting by Simphiwe Ndzube. D. Simphiwe Ndzube’s Assertion of Will was one of eight artworks exhibited in Oracles of the Pink Universe at the Denver Museum of Art. Question ID 601b9d18 Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions ID: 601b9d18 Some members of the US Supreme Court have resisted calls to televise the court’s oral arguments, concerned that the participants would be tempted to perform for the cameras (and thus lower the quality of the discourse). ______ the justices worry that most viewers would not even watch the full deliberations, only short clips that could be misinterpreted and mischaracterized. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition? A. However, B. Additionally, C. In comparison, D. For example, Question ID ec3d7605 Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions ID: ec3d7605 Award-winning travel writer Linda Watanabe McFerrin considers the background research she conducts on destinations featured in her travel books to be its own reward. ______ McFerrin admits to finding the research phase of her work just as fascinating and engaging as exploring a location in person. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition? A. By contrast, B. Likewise, C. Besides, D. In fact, Question ID a819d8b6 Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions ID: a819d8b6 In 1873, Spanish scientist Santiago Ramón y Cajal observed that brain fibers have distinct boundaries with clear end points, a finding that went against earlier assumptions about the brain. ______ scientists had assumed that the brain was a continuous web of fused fibers, not a vast network of distinct, individual cells. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition? A. However, B. Previously, C. As a result, D. Likewise, Question ID 84e108cf Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Rhetorical Synthesis ID: 84e108cf While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: Platinum is a rare and expensive metal. It is used as a catalyst for chemical reactions. Platinum catalysts typically require a large amount of platinum to be effective. Researcher Jianbo Tang and his colleagues created a platinum catalyst that combines platinum with liquid gallium. Their catalyst was highly effective and required only trace amounts of platinum (0.0001% of the atoms in the mixture). The student wants to explain an advantage of the new platinum catalyst developed by Jianbo Tang and his colleagues. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal? A. Researcher Jianbo Tang and his colleagues created a platinum catalyst that combines platinum, a rare and expensive metal, with liquid gallium. B. Like other platinum catalysts, the new platinum catalyst requires a particular amount of the metal to be effective. C. Platinum is a rare and expensive metal that is used as a catalyst for chemical reactions; however, platinum catalysts typically require a large amount of platinum to be effective. D. While still highly effective, the new platinum catalyst requires far less of the rare and expensive metal than do other platinum catalysts. Question ID 326017ce Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions ID: 326017ce For years, biologists have experimented with using grime-eating bacteria rather than harsh chemicals to clean artworks, and results have been impressive overall. ______ these bacterial strains—which can metabolize centuries’ worth of oil, glue, dirt, and other surface impurities without creating harmful byproducts—have proven more effective than traditional chemical cleaning methods. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition? A. However, B. In many cases, C. As a result, D. Additionally, Question ID c78620ba Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions ID: c78620ba In 1968, US Congressman John Conyers introduced a bill to establish a national holiday in honor of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. The bill didn’t make it to a vote, but Conyers was determined. He teamed up with Shirley Chisholm, the first Black woman to be elected to Congress, and they resubmitted the bill every session for the next fifteen years. ______ in 1983, the bill passed. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition? A. Instead, B. Likewise, C. Finally, D. Additionally, Question ID 20733eac Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions ID: 20733eac It has long been thought that humans first crossed a land bridge into the Americas approximately 13,000 years ago. ______ based on radiocarbon dating of samples uncovered in Mexico, a research team recently suggested that humans may have arrived more than 30,000 years ago—much earlier than previously thought. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition? A. As a result, B. Similarly, C. However, D. In conclusion, Question ID ca4ff52d Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Rhetorical Synthesis ID: ca4ff52d While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: Muslins are woven cotton fabrics with a variety of uses. Dhaka muslin is a handmade fabric produced in Dhaka, Bangladesh. It has an extremely fine weave and is primarily used to make luxury clothing. Sheeting muslin is a machine-made fabric produced in factories. It has a coarse weave and is primarily used to upholster furniture and create backdrops for theater sets. The student wants to emphasize a difference between the two muslins. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal? A. Dhaka muslin is a handmade fabric with an extremely fine weave, while sheeting muslin is machine made with a coarse weave. B. Dhaka muslin and sheeting muslin are two different types of woven cotton fabrics. C. Muslins can be used in a variety of ways, from making luxury clothing to upholstering furniture and creating backdrops for theater sets. D. Sheeting muslin is machine made, has a coarse weave, and is used for furniture and theater sets. Question ID 6c9df5d1 Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Rhetorical Synthesis ID: 6c9df5d1 While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: Some powerful works of literature have so influenced readers that new legislation has been passed as a result. The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano (1789) is the autobiography of a man who endured slavery on both sides of the Atlantic. Equiano’s book contributed to the passage of the Slave Trade Act of 1807. The Jungle (1906) is a fictional work by Upton Sinclair that describes unsanitary conditions in US meatpacking plants. Sinclair’s book contributed to the passage of the Pure Food and Drug Act in 1906. The student wants to emphasize a difference between the two books. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal? A. Although both are powerful works of literature that contributed to new legislation, Equiano’s book is an autobiography, while Sinclair’s is fictional. B. They may have written about different topics, but Equiano and Sinclair both influenced readers. C. The 1807 Slave Trade Act resulted in part from a book by Equiano, while the 1906 Pure Food and Drug Act resulted in part from a book by Sinclair. D. The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano and The Jungle are two works of literature that contributed to new legislation (concerning the slave trade and food safety, respectively). Question ID f07570bb Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions ID: f07570bb Researchers believe that pieces of hull found off Oregon’s coast are from a Spanish cargo ship that was lost in 1697. Stories passed down among the area’s Confederated Tribes of Siletz Indians support this belief. ______ Siletz stories describe how blocks of beeswax, an item the ship had been carrying, began washing ashore after the ship was lost. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition? A. For this reason, B. For example, C. However, D. Likewise, Question ID 221ecf0f Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions ID: 221ecf0f Alexander Lawrence Posey (1873–1908) varied his focus and tone depending on the genre in which he was writing. In his poetry, he used heartfelt language to evoke the beauty and peacefulness of his natural surroundings; in his journalism, ______ he employed humor and satire to comment on political issues affecting his Muskogee Creek community. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition? A. that is, B. granted, C. similarly, D. by contrast, Question ID 296801d2 Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Rhetorical Synthesis ID: 296801d2 While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: The Azores is a group of islands about 870 miles off the coast of Portugal. Historians have long believed that in the fifteenth century Portuguese mariners were the first humans to populate the Azores. A 2015 study coauthored by Sofia Gabriel and Maria da Luz Mathias found that Vikings from Scandinavia may have populated the Azores as early as the ninth century. The researchers found a genetic connection between house mice in the Azores and house mice in Scandinavia. House mice may have traveled from Scandinavia to the Azores on Viking ships. The student wants to specify who may have first populated the Azores, according to the 2015 study. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal? A. Historians have long believed that the first humans to populate the Azores, a group of islands about 870 miles off the coast of Portugal, arrived in the fifteenth century. B. Portuguese mariners may not have been the first humans to populate the Azores. C. In their 2015 study, the researchers found a genetic connection between house mice in the Azores and those in Scandinavia. D. According to a 2015 study, the first humans to populate the Azores may have been Vikings from Scandinavia, not mariners from Portugal as previously believed. Question ID 92fe0ed7 Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions ID: 92fe0ed7 Geoscientists have long considered Hawaii’s Mauna Loa volcano to be Earth’s largest shield volcano by volume, measuring approximately 74,000 cubic kilometers. ______ according to a 2020 study by local geoscientist Michael Garcia, Hawaii’s Pūhāhonu shield volcano is significantly larger, boasting a volume of about 148,000 cubic kilometers. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition? A. Secondly, B. Consequently, C. Moreover, D. However, Question ID 97e2e364 Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions ID: 97e2e364 Okot p’Bitek’s poem Song of Lawino (1966) explores postcolonial Ugandan life through the eyes of a woman living in a rural village. With its vibrant imagery, bitingly satiric tone, and dexterous use of traditional Acholi song and phraseology, the poem inspired a generation of East African writers. ______ those who adopted its style are often referred to as Okot School poets. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition? A. Nevertheless, B. Fittingly, C. By comparison, D. Instead, Question ID 01c8c433 Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions ID: 01c8c433 Before the 1847 introduction of the US postage stamp, the cost of postage was usually paid by the recipient of a letter rather than the sender, and recipients were not always able or willing to pay promptly. ______ collecting this fee could be slow and arduous, and heaps of unpaid-for, undeliverable mail piled up in post offices. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition? A. Regardless, B. On the contrary, C. Consequently, D. For example, Question ID 883493d5 Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Rhetorical Synthesis ID: 883493d5 While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: Allan Houser was a Chiricahua Warm Springs Apache sculptor, illustrator, and painter. Many of his sculptures featured Native American figures. He depicted this subject matter using abstract, modernist forms, developing a distinctive style that influenced many other artists. His well-known sculpture Sacred Rain Arrow was pictured on the State of Oklahoma license plate. The student wants to describe the distinctive style of Houser’s sculptures. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal? A. A sculptor, illustrator, and painter, Houser developed a distinctive style for portraying Native American figures. B. Houser’s sculptures employ abstract, modernist forms to depict Native American figures. C. Many other artists have been influenced by the style of Houser’s sculptures. D. The sculpture Sacred Rain Arrow is a well-known example of Houser’s style. Question ID db8fe023 Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions ID: db8fe023 A potter choosing which type of clay to use for a piece considers two key factors: the desired look of the piece and its intended use. ______ earthenware clay is often used for decorative pieces because of its rustic look. This type of clay is not often used in industrial settings, though, because it is less durable than other clays. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition? A. In other words, B. Regardless, C. In conclusion, D. For example, Question ID 04ad68ca Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions ID: 04ad68ca In Gothic architecture, flying buttresses are large arches that help support a building’s exterior walls. Before the Gothic era, cathedrals’ heavy ceilings had to be supported by thick, short walls, but the invention of flying buttresses eliminated this need. ______ Gothic cathedrals could be built with thinner, higher walls. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition? A. Similarly, B. For instance, C. Nevertheless, D. As a result, Question ID fc2bcc79 Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions ID: fc2bcc79 Tyrian purple was a highly prized dye among the Phoenicians (an ancient civilization located in present-day Lebanon). The Phoenicians were famous for using this natural dye to color their clothes a distinctive purple. ______ the name “Phoenicia” itself, some historians claim, may have originally meant “land of purple.” Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition? A. In fact, B. Regardless, C. Lastly, D. On the contrary, Question ID 57bcd0d6 Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions ID: 57bcd0d6 Etched into Peru’s Nazca Desert are line drawings so large that they can only be fully seen from high above. Archaeologists have known of the lines since the 1920s, when a researcher spotted some from a nearby foothill, and they have been studying the markings ever since. ______ archaeologists’ efforts are aided by drones that capture high-resolution aerial photographs of the lines. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition? A. Currently, B. In comparison, C. Still, D. However, Question ID 11df9b99 Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions ID: 11df9b99 Because an achiral molecule is symmetrical, flipping it yields a structurally identical molecule. A flipped chiral molecule, ______ can be compared to a glove that has been turned inside out: it produces a structurally inverted molecule rather than an identical one. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition? A. in other words, B. by contrast, C. for example, D. similarly, Question ID 2bf05ae9 Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Rhetorical Synthesis ID: 2bf05ae9 While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: In the midst of the US Civil War, Susie Taylor escaped slavery and fled to Union-army-occupied St. Simons Island off the Georgia coast. She began working for an all-Black army regiment as a nurse and teacher. In 1902, she published a book about the time she spent with the regiment. Her book was the only Civil War memoir to be published by a Black woman. It is still available to readers in print and online. The student wants to emphasize the uniqueness of Taylor’s accomplishment. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal? A. Taylor fled to St. Simons Island, which was then occupied by the Union army, for whom she began working. B. After escaping slavery, Taylor began working for an all-Black army regiment as a nurse and teacher. C. The book Taylor wrote about the time she spent with the regiment is still available to readers in print and online. D. Taylor was the only Black woman to publish a Civil War memoir. Question ID 827afb27 Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions ID: 827afb27 Most conifers (trees belonging to the phylum Coniferophyta) are evergreen. That is, they keep their green leaves or needles year-round. However, not all conifer species are evergreen. Larch trees, ______ lose their needles every fall. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition? A. for instance, B. nevertheless, C. meanwhile, D. in addition, Question ID 8fe4f4ab Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Rhetorical Synthesis ID: 8fe4f4ab While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: One of history’s greatest libraries was the House of Wisdom in Baghdad, Iraq. It was founded in the eighth century with the goal of preserving all the world’s knowledge. Scholars at the House of Wisdom collected ancient and contemporary texts from Greece, India, and elsewhere and translated them into Arabic. Writings included those of the Greek philosopher Aristotle and the Indian mathematician Aryabhata. The House of Wisdom used Chinese papermaking technology to create paper versions to be studied and shared. The student wants to explain how the House of Wisdom preserved the world’s knowledge. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal? A. The House of Wisdom was known for bringing together knowledge from around the world, including from Greece, India, and China. B. Founded in Iraq in the eighth century, the House of Wisdom employed many scholars as translators. C. Writings from the Greek philosopher Aristotle and the Indian mathematician Aryabhata were preserved at the House of Wisdom. D. The House of Wisdom collected writings from different countries and created paper versions in Arabic to be studied and shared. Question ID bb275f0d Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Rhetorical Synthesis ID: bb275f0d While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: Cities tend to have a wide range of flowering vegetation in parks, yards, and gardens. This vegetation provides a varied diet for honeybees, strengthening bees’ immune systems. On average, 62.5 percent of bees in an urban area will survive a harsh winter. Rural areas are often dominated by monoculture crops such as corn or wheat. On average, only 40 percent of honeybees in a rural area will survive a harsh winter. The student wants to make and support a generalization about honeybees. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal? A. Cities tend to have a wider range of flowering vegetation than do rural areas, which are often dominated by monoculture crops. B. In urban areas, over 60 percent of honeybees, on average, will survive a harsh winter, whereas in rural areas, only 40 percent will. C. The strength of honeybees’ immune systems depends on what the bees eat, and a varied diet is more available to bees in an urban area than to those in a rural area. D. Honeybees are more likely to thrive in cities than in rural areas because the varied diet available in urban areas strengthens the bees’ immune systems. Question ID 30438650 Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions ID: 30438650 Jhumpa Lahiri’s story collection Interpreter of Maladies features multiple stories about romantic relationships. In “This Blessed House,” newlyweds argue over whether to replace items left by the previous owners of their new home. ______ in “A Temporary Matter,” a husband and wife attempt to rekindle their relationship during a four-night blackout. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition? A. Granted, B. For example, C. Likewise, D. Hence, Question ID a773f069 Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions ID: a773f069 Small, flat structures called spatulae are found at the tips of the hairs on a spider’s leg. These spatulae temporarily bond with the atoms of whatever they touch. ______ spiders are able to cling to and climb almost any surface. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition? A. For instance, B. However, C. Similarly, D. As a result, Question ID 6249b173 Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Rhetorical Synthesis ID: 6249b173 While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: In 2018 researchers Adwait Deshpande, Shreejata Gupta, and Anindya Sinha were observing wild macaques in India’s Bandipur National Park. They saw macaques calling out to and gesturing at humans who were eating or carrying food. They designed a study to find out if the macaques were intentionally communicating to try to persuade the humans to share their food. In the study trials, macaques frequently called out to and gestured at humans holding food. In the study trials, macaques called out to and gestured at empty-handed humans less frequently. The student wants to present the study’s results. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal? A. Macaques in the study called out to and gestured more frequently at humans holding food than at empty-handed humans. B. In 2018, researchers who had observed macaques in India’s Bandipur National Park calling out to and gesturing at humans designed a study. C. The researchers hoped to find out if the macaques were intentionally communicating to try to persuade humans to share their food. D. The researchers studied how macaques behaved around both humans holding food and empty-handed humans. Question ID 1b219d14 Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions ID: 1b219d14 As a young historian in the 1950s, Alixa Naff began interviewing fellow Arab American immigrants about their experiences straddling two cultures. Over the next few decades, Naff conducted more than 450 such interviews, also known as oral histories. ______ she collected photographs and other artifacts that represented her subjects’ experiences. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition? A. In other words, B. On the contrary, C. In addition, D. Today, Question ID a3204ab0 Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Rhetorical Synthesis ID: a3204ab0 While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: Yellowstone is a national park in the northwest United States. In 1995, gray wolves were reintroduced into the park. Since then, the number of gray wolves in the park has stabilized at roughly 100. This number is believed to be the park’s carrying capacity. Carrying capacity describes the maximum number of a species that a specific environment’s resources can sustain over time. The student wants to specify the number of gray wolves in Yellowstone. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal? A. Gray wolves were reintroduced into Yellowstone, a national park in the northwest United States, in 1995. B. As of 1995, there were gray wolves living in Yellowstone, a national park in the northwest United States. C. The carrying capacity of an environment, such as Yellowstone, describes the maximum number of species that the environment can sustain over time. D. Yellowstone is a national park that has roughly 100 gray wolves living in it. Question ID fd24f48f Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions ID: fd24f48f Before California’s 1911 election to approve a proposition granting women the right to vote, activists across the state sold tea to promote the cause of suffrage. In San Francisco, the Woman’s Suffrage Party sold Equality Tea at local fairs. ______ in Los Angeles, activist Nancy Tuttle Craig, who ran one of California’s largest grocery store firms, distributed Votes for Women Tea. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition? A. For example, B. To conclude, C. Similarly, D. In other words, Question ID 1a8126aa Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions ID: 1a8126aa In 2019, researcher Patricia Jurado Gonzalez and food historian Nawal Nasrallah prepared a stew from a 4,000-year-old recipe found on a Mesopotamian clay tablet. When they tasted the dish, known as pašrūtum (“unwinding”), they found that it had a mild taste and inspired a sense of calm. ______ the researchers, knowing that dishes were sometimes named after their intended effects, theorized that the dish’s name, “unwinding,” referred to its function: to help ancient diners relax. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition? A. Therefore, B. Alternately, C. Nevertheless, D. Likewise, Question ID 63a4fa29 Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Rhetorical Synthesis ID: 63a4fa29 While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: In 2013, archaeologists studied cat bone fragments they had found in the ruins of Quanhucun, a Chinese farming village. The fragments were estimated to be 5,300 years old. A chemical analysis of the fragments revealed that the cats had consumed large amounts of grain. The grain consumption is evidence that the Quanhucun cats may have been domesticated. The student wants to present the Quanhucun study and its conclusions. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal? A. As part of a 2013 study of cat domestication, a chemical analysis was conducted on cat bone fragments found in Quanhucun, China. B. A 2013 analysis of cat bone fragments found in Quanhucun, China, suggests that cats there may have been domesticated 5,300 years ago. C. In 2013, archaeologists studied what cats in Quanhucun, China, had eaten more than 5,000 years ago. D. Cat bone fragments estimated to be 5,300 years old were found in Quanhucun, China, in 2013. Question ID 0d3ebdce Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Transitions ID: 0d3ebdce Neuroscientist Karen Konkoly wanted to determine whether individuals can understand and respond to questions during REM sleep. She first taught volunteers eye movements they would use to respond to basic math problems while asleep (a single left-right eye movement indicated the number one). ______ she attached electrodes to the volunteers’ faces to record their eye movements during sleep. Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition? A. Specifically, B. Next, C. For instance, D. In sum, Question ID 00460c13 Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Rhetorical Synthesis ID: 00460c13 While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: Novelist Willa Cather grew up in Nebraska and attended the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Some of Cather’s best-known novels are set in Nebraska. Two such novels are O Pioneers! (1913) and My Ántonia (1918). Cather’s novels describe the experiences of immigrants who settled in the Great Plains. The student wants to identify the setting of Cather’s novel My Ántonia. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal? A. My Ántonia is set in Nebraska, where Cather grew up. B. Cather, author of My Ántonia, described the experiences of immigrants in her novels. C. Among Cather’s best-known novels are O Pioneers! (1913) and My Ántonia (1918). D. Cather attended the University of Nebraska-Lincoln and set some of her novels in Nebraska. Question ID dd11e5ab Assessment Test Domain Skill Difficulty SAT Reading and Writing Expression of Ideas Rhetorical Synthesis ID: dd11e5ab While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes: Muckrakers were journalists who sought to expose corruption in US institutions during the Progressive Era (1897– 1920). Ida Tarbell was a muckraker who investigated the Standard Oil Company. She interviewed Standard Oil Company executives, oil industry workers, and public officials. She examined thousands of pages of the company’s internal communications, including letters and financial records. Her book The History of the Standard Oil Company (1904) exposed the company’s unfair business practices. The student wants to emphasize the thoroughness of Ida Tarbell’s investigation of the Standard Oil Company. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish this goal? A. Ida Tarbell not only interviewed Standard Oil executives, oil industry workers, and public officials but also examined thousands of pages of the company’s internal communications. B. Ida Tarbell, who investigated the Standard Oil Company, was a muckraker (a journalist who sought to expose corruption in US institutions during the Progressive Era, 1897–1920). C. As part of her investigation of the Standard Oil Company, muckraker Ida Tarbell conducted interviews. D. Published in 1904, muckraker Ida Tarbell’s book The History of the Standard Oil Company exposed the company’s unfair business practices.