0.Learning and Cognition Questions with Answers _8c575c9032a8a0f4885d811399d494fb.docx

**[Learning and Cognition Questions]** [ ] 1. Define the following terms (*Read the article**: Learning and cognition. The same thing**, to answer the question)* a. Cognition: **"The processes involved in acquiring those skills or knowledge, and includes entities such a...

**[Learning and Cognition Questions]** [ ] 1. Define the following terms (*Read the article**: Learning and cognition. The same thing**, to answer the question)* a. Cognition: **"The processes involved in acquiring those skills or knowledge, and includes entities such as thinking, knowing, remembering and problem solving.** b. Learning: **"The process of acquiring a set of skills or certain knowledge."** 2. How do people learn? *(Read the article: **Applying learning theories and instructional design models for effective instruction** to answer the question*) **People learn through three main elements of learning: attention, memory and encoding. When an individual read a book with paid attention, the information moves from sensory memory to working memory for a short time. However, the Individual can maintain the learned information through two ways: Maintenance rehearsal, and Elaborative rehearsal. In the Maintenance rehearsal, the individual learns the information through reading or leaning it many times to remember it within the working memory. If the individual learns the information through understanding the meaning, critical thinking and assessments, the information will be transferred into long term memory, where the information is stored for a longer period of time. The storage of the information in short or long -term is done through encoding which is the conversion of information into constructs that can be stored in the brain.** 3. Briefly describe the domains of learning. *(Read the article: **Applying learning theories and instructional design models for effective instruction** to answer the question*) **There are five domains of learning: motor skills, verbal information, Intellectual skills, cognitive strategies, and attitude. [Motor skills] need repetitive practice to master a skill. [Verbal Information] is the factual information and principle related to knowledge. [Intellectual skills], which is the elaboration of basic concepts and rules and the learning of which is based on prior assimilation of prerequisite skills. [Cognitive strategies] are the internal psychological skills that control the learned behaviour, thinking and remembering from practical sessions. [Attitude] is considered as affective domain which affect individual's motivation to learn.** 4. Explain the relationship between memory and learning? *(Read the article: **Applying learning theories and instructional design models for effective instruction** to answer the question*) 5. **There is a strong relationship between memory and learning process. There are three types of memory: sensory, working and long-term memories. An individual come across many Information which are stored in the sensory memory for just few seconds, However, the learned information get stored in the working memory through reading or learning the material many times which is called Maintenance Rehearsal process,, here the information is stored longer than the sensory memory. If the information is understood and critically assessed, it will move to long-term memory. Therefore, to maintain the leaned information for a long period of time, it highly suggested that individuals must involve in active learning process e.g. discuss, analysis and reflect on the information.** 6. What is Piaget\'s Theory of Cognitive Development? How many stages its involve? ***(Watch the video** to answer the question**)*** **It is a theory of cognitive development which argues that humans go through four stages of cognitive development to reach full intelligence.** 7. Piaget\'s Theory of Cognitive Development stages ***(Watch the video** to answer the question**):*** Age -- ------------ -- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- **0-2** Motor activity without use of symbols. All things learned are based on experiences, or trial and error. **2-7** Development of language, memory, and imagination. Intelligence is both egocentric and intuitive. **7-11** More logical and methodical manipulation of symbols. Less egocentric, and more aware of the outside world and events. **11- up** Use of symbols to relate to abstract concepts. Able to make hypotheses and grasp abstract concepts and relationships. 8. Complete the following table (*Read the article: **Theories of learning** to fill the gap*) -- -- -- -- -- --