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## Apical Views * Apical 4 Plane marker should point to patients left posterior axilla, directed towards the right shoulder. The apical myocardium can be problematic to visualize due to the proximity of the true apex. The intratrial septa (IVS) and inter atrial septa (IAS) have a vertical orient...

## Apical Views * Apical 4 Plane marker should point to patients left posterior axilla, directed towards the right shoulder. The apical myocardium can be problematic to visualize due to the proximity of the true apex. The intratrial septa (IVS) and inter atrial septa (IAS) have a vertical orientation in the image. Fossa ovalis and the high IVS are poor reflectors because they are membranous. * Apical 3 Identification of the right and left side of heart. Demonstrate moderator band, septal and mitral valve leaflets. Insert into septum more apically than the anterior leaflet. Pulmonary veins can be seen entering ZA. * Apical 5 Transducer is angled anteriorly to visualize the outflow tract, aortic valve and ascending aorta is visualized. AV valves are less defined. * Apical 2 Scan plane is rotated counterclockwise from that of the standard apical 4 chambers, only left side is seen. Can see anterior and inferior walls. * **Apical Long Axis:** Counterclockwise rotation from the positioning for apical 2 views brings the scan plane through the aorta and apical long axis view is obtained making it good for assessment with color flow because flows are parallel to the beam, and both inflow and outflow tracts are visualized simultaneously in this plane. 2D - better perpendicular, Doppler - better parallel.