定语从句讲义 PDF

定语从句讲义（教师版） 一、定义 1.什么是定语： 用歌词让学生选出其中的定语。 定语：adj. | “……的” | ＋n（修饰名词）. 原来你是我最想留住的幸运 原来我们和爱情曾经靠得那么近 那为我对抗世界的决定 那陪我淋的雨 一幕幕都是你 一尘不染的真心 2.什么是从句？ 一个句子做一个成分。 做什么成分就是什么从句。 3.什么...

定语从句讲义（教师版） 一、定义 1.什么是定语： 用歌词让学生选出其中的定语。 定语：adj. | “……的” | ＋n（修饰名词）. 原来你是我最想留住的幸运 原来我们和爱情曾经靠得那么近 那为我对抗世界的决定 那陪我淋的雨 一幕幕都是你 一尘不染的真心 2.什么是从句？ 一个句子做一个成分。 做什么成分就是什么从句。 3.什么是定语从句？ 1 个句子充当定语成分。 二、2 要素 先行词+关联词 1. 先行词： 定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。 Eg. The girl who has been admitted into Peking University is now enjoying her long holiday. 2. 关联词： 1）用途：○ 1 引出定语从句；○ 2 在从句中代替先行词；○ 3 在定语从句中充当成分。 The girl who has been admitted into Peking University is now enjoying her long holiday. Who=the girl; 定语从句中：the girl has been admitted into Peking University. 2）分类：关联词包括关系代词和关系副词。 关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose，as 代指先行词作主、宾、表语。 关系副词：when, where, why 作时间、地点、原因状语。 3）位置：关联词通常位于先行词和定语从句之间。 三、关联词比较 （一）关系代词： 1. That 指人或物，作主语或宾语，作宾语可省略，主语不能。 His father works in a factory that makes TV sets. What is the question (that/which) they are talking about? Here is the man ( who/whom/that ) you want to see. 第 1 页 共 4 页 She's no longer the girl ( that) she used to be before. 2. Which 指物，不指人，作主语或宾语，作宾语可省略，主语不能。 Who was hurt in the accident that/which happened yesterday? The coat (which/that) I put on the desk is black. You can take anything ( that) you like. 注意：The room in which I live is very big. (在介词后面不能用 that) 3. who 和 whom who 指人，在句中作主语和宾语，作宾语可省略。 Whom 指人，在句中只能作宾语，可省略，但在介词后面不能省略。 Who is the teacher that Xiao Li is talking to? Do you know the gentleman that/who spoke just now? All who heard the story were amazed. The doctor with whom she went to the United States last month is very famous. =The doctor who/whom/that she went to the United States with last month is very famous. He's a man from whom we should learn. = He's a man (whom/who/that) we should learn from. 4. whose 意为“……的”；先行词可以是人，也可以是物。 A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan. I'd like a room whose window faces south. =I'd like a room of which the window faces south. =I'd like a room the window of which faces south. 5. as as 的用法:(as 引导定语从句, 在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语) ①如为限制性的，多用于 the same …as ; the same as；such …as …; as many/much as；so …as 等结构中。如： I have the same book as you (have). 我有一本和你的一样的书。 ---Why didn't you mention that in face of the police just now? --- I thought it was such a minor detail as was hardly worth mentioning. Don't do such things as you are not sure about. This is not a such book as I expect. These houses were sold at such a low price as people expected. He is not the same man as he was. I raised the same question as you asked the teacher. 比较：I live in the same house that he used to live in. I'm wearing the same shirt as you wore yesterday. 比较：Here is so big a stone as no one can lift. （定语从句） Here is so big a stone that no one can lift it.（结果状语从句） ②如为非限制性的，多单独引导一个定语从句，这种定语从句可置于句首，句中或句尾，译为"正如，这一点 "。（动词常为 know, see, expect, point out, etc.） As is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived. As we all know, smoking is harmful to one's health. (as 作宾语) 第 2 页 共 4 页  =As is known to all, smoking is harmful to one's health. （as 作主语） =It's known to all that smoking is harmful to one's health. =Smoking is harmful to one's health, as we all know.（as 作宾语） =Smoking, as we all know, is harmful to one' health. He was a foreigner, as I knew from his accent. (宾语, 先行词是前面整个句子) 6. 介词＋关系代词（which, whom） 关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时, 介词可放于从句之首, 也可放于从句之末. 但以放于句首较为正式. （介词前置，必须注意不影响动词词组的含义。） This is the book for which you asked. =This is the book (that/which) you asked for. Do you know the person with whom I shook hands？ = Do you know the person (whom/who/that) I shook hands with? Is this the factory to which you paid a visit last week? Is this factory the one to which you paid a visit last week? This is the girl whom they are looking after. (介词 after 与 look 构成固定词组，不可前置。look at, look for, look after, take care of 等) This is the pen with which I wrote that letter. This is the hero from whom we should learn. He paid the boy $10 for washing 10 windows, most of which hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year. In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person to whom she could turn for help. （二）关系副词的用法： 1. when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语 I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. when=on which There was a time when Chinese people were lack of food and clothes. 2.where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。 This is the house where I lived two years ago. 抽象地点： 3.why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，其先行词只有表示原因的 reason 一词. We don’t know the reason why he was late for school. 2.只能用 that 不能用 which 引导的定语从句： 1) 先行词被形容词最高级修饰时，定语从句只能用 that This is the most interesting story (that) I have ever heard. 2）先行词被序数词修饰时，定语从句只能用 that The children like the second lesson that is about “The Football Match”. 3）先行词被 the only，the very 或 the same 等修饰，定语从句只能用 that 引导。 It is the only word (that) I know in the passage. Where is the very book (that) I bought just now? This is the (same) bicycle (that) I lost. 4）先行词为 everything，something，anything，all，none，much，little，few 等不定代词时，定语从 句只能用 that 第 3 页 共 4 页 I want everything (that) I want. I am writing to tell you about something very strange that happened to me last week. 5)先行词被不定代词 all, any, no, every, little, much, many 修饰时，只能用 that Here is all the money (that) I have. 6)先行词是同时含有“人和物”的名词时，定语从句只能用 that I can remember well the persons and some pictures (that) I see in the room. 7)定语从句所修饰的词为 the one 时，定语从句用 that 引导 Is it the one（that）you want？ 8）为了避免重复，在疑问词 who 之后，用 that 引导定语从句 Who is the girl that won the first place? 第 4 页 共 4 页