World War II in the Philippines PDF

The Japanese Occupation Module 3 Key Discussion Points World War II in the Philippines Politics during the Japanese Occupation Socio-Economic Conditions during the Japanese Occupation The Hukbalahap Movement The Liberation of Manila World War II in the Philippines Module 3.1 Our Sources Abinales, Pa...

The Japanese Occupation Module 3 Key Discussion Points World War II in the Philippines Politics during the Japanese Occupation Socio-Economic Conditions during the Japanese Occupation The Hukbalahap Movement The Liberation of Manila World War II in the Philippines Module 3.1 Our Sources Abinales, Patricio, and Donna Amoroso. “The Filipino Colonial State, 1902-1946.” In State and Society in the Philippines, Second Edition., 134–66. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press, 2017. Agoncillo, Teodoro. “The Japanese Occupation.” In History of the Filipino People, Eighth Edition., 387–95. Quezon City: R.P. Garcia Publishing Company, 1990. The road to Independence August 29, 1916 March 24, 1934 July 4, 1946 Passage of the Jones Law formalizes the U.S. promise of Philippine independence The Tydings-McDuffie Act secures the date for Philippine Independence Target date for Philippine Independence December 1941 – February 1945 Japan occupies the Philippines The first Philippine “independence mission” is sent to the United States The Commonwealth Republic is inaugurated with Manuel L. Quezon as the first elected president 1919 November 1935 How did the Philippines get involved in World War II? Japan expands its territories in Asia Japan’s territory in 1931 Japan’s territory in 1940 The Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere “Asia for Asians” Commonwealth Act No. 1: The National Defense Act provided for the creation of a citizen’s army and the Philippine military Planes and personnel of Philippine Army Air Corps (PAAC) being inducted into the United States Army Forces in the Far East (USAFFE) on an army air field outside Manila, possibly at Zablan Field. (From Philippines Magazine, October 1941). The United States Armed Forces in the Far East under the command of General Douglas MacArthur The Bombing of Pearl Harbor December 7, 1941 News Report on the Bombing of Pearl Harbor, LMT online Japanese Bombings in December 1941, Presidential Museum and Library The Japanese advance in Manila December 8, 1941 December 22, 1941 December 30, 1941 Japanese bomb Clark Field and stage area attacks on Davao, Baguio, and Aparri The Japanese invasion of the Philippines begins Quezon leaves for Corregidor with his family and some of his officials; Jose P. Laurel is left in charge The National Assembly passes Commonwealth Act 671, investing the president with extraordinary powers Manila is declared an Open City; the USAFFE retreat to Bataan December 16, 1941 December 26, 1941 Manila is declared an Open City (LEFT); The Japanese enter Manila on January 2, 1942 (RIGHT), Presidential Museum and Library archives Residents abandoned their homes; government offices were shut down; schools and universities were closed; public transportation and other facilities were halted. People rushed to the banks to withdraw money; many—including the educated and the peace officers—looted the city for goods. (Agoncillo, 1990) The Makabayang Katipunan ng mga Pilipino (MAKAPILI), Batangas History The Sakdalista Movement (Photo from RA Rivera), Everyday History PH The Resistance continues in Bataan Meanwhile, General Douglas MacArthur leads the USAFFE in its retreat to Bataan The USAFFE troops had some early victories against the Japanese, but ultimately suffered from the lack of aid as the United States and Britain adopt the “Europe-First Policy” On March 11, 1942, General Douglas MacArthur left for Australia under orders of President Roosevelt General Jonathan Wainwright succeeds MacArthur as commander of the USAFFE Filipino soldiers carrying surrendered flags were herded cattle in large groups and made to sit on their haunches, Presidential Museum and Library archives The Bataan Death March April 9, 1942 Prisoners of Bataan Death March 1942, Britannica The full story of Bataan still remains to be told. But, even now, we know that Bataan was no ignominious defeat. With unflinching courage and heroism, our fighting men, four-fifths of them untrained citizen soldiers, battled for four long months against an army three times their size—an army of seasoned and wellequipped soldiers. We inflicted heavy losses on the enemy. We forced him to divert large contingents from other war fronts, largely delaying the fall of Burma and the East Indies and preventing the invasion of Australia and New Zealand. But it was not only a fight against an enemy army. We had to fight, too, the cruel ravages of want and hunger, of disease and fatigue. Americans and Filipinos suffered the ordeal side by side, sealing their comradeship in fire and blood. They gave in only when it was no longer possible to endure. Bataan was an epic struggle against vastly superior odds and under the most adverse conditions, a fight desperately uneven but glorious in its unwavering faith in ultimate victory. "Osmena Reiterates Japanese Militaristic Policy in the Pacific Area." Bataan, April 1943, 2, 11. The USAFFE surrender to the Japanese May 6, 1942 Flushed with victory, invaders give with the traditional Banzai, Presidential Museum and Library archives December 1941 – October 1944 / February 1945 POLITICS DURING THE JAPANESE OCCUPATION SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS DURING THE JAPANESE OCCUPATION THE HUKBALAHAP MOVEMENT