3D Rendering Process PDF

AS2209 EXPORTING AND RENDERING IN 3D In connection to computer graphics, rendering is the act of converting any 2D or 3D geometry into an image or video file. This takes raw information from a 3D scene (polygons, material, textures, and lighting) and calculates...

AS2209 EXPORTING AND RENDERING IN 3D In connection to computer graphics, rendering is the act of converting any 2D or 3D geometry into an image or video file. This takes raw information from a 3D scene (polygons, material, textures, and lighting) and calculates a final result, and is usually a single image or a series of compiled images. What that image looks like is based on four factors that the user can control: 1. Geometry – It is important to realize that only one thing can be rendered in a 3D scene, and that is 3D geometry. 2. Cameras – A camera is necessary to produce the visual aspect of the geometry to render it into pixels. CG cameras generally have aspects that mimic real word cameras—focal length, field of view, depth of field, etc. 3. Lights – Lights are how a scene is illuminated. Without any lights in the scene, everything would appear to be dark. Light bounces off the geometry, generating light and dark information about the pixels being rendered. 4. Materials – Materials are several channels—color, texture, and all other information—combined in the rendering pipeline to generate the pixels that will make up the final rendered image. Rendering in computer systems is carried out by either the system's CPU or GPU. Sometimes, the CPU and GPU work together in a hybrid setup to create the final output. Understanding these two types of rendering will help evaluate the differences between them: CPU-BASED RENDERING These days, a CPU constitutes multiple high-power cores that run an entire system. These cores run at a high frequency, enabling them to execute operations at high speed. The higher the number of cores, the better the rendering performance. Modern-day CPUs have up to 64 cores, allowing users to render scenes with huge amounts of data. A good example of where CPU rendering would be ideal is architectural designs. If a scene is created with many complex geometries and tiny details, the benefits of CPU rendering would provide a much better and more accurate result. GPU-BASED RENDERING A GPU has thousands of small cores that provide strong rendering performance. GPU rendering is used for real-time processing. It is used in video games and applications that require rendering 30 to 120 frames per second to get a smooth experience. GPU rendering does not always have to be used in real-time, it can also help complex CPU renderings, and it is a good method to show the preview of a final piece without having to wait for hours. This makes it a very useful tool in terms of 3D workflow, especially when applying lights and textures. 03 Handout 2 *Property of STI  [email protected] Page 1 of 7  AS2209 RENDERING PROCESS Designers break down 3D rendering projects into a series of steps, starting with the 3D model and transforming it into a 2D representation. Depending on the size of the project and the software used, the steps may vary. Typically, the 3D rendering process is as follows: During this step, 3D artists uses specialized 3D modeling software to create a digital model. Using the software, the artists manipulates vertices in virtual space to form a mesh. If the desired outcome is special effects or character 3D Modeling animation, the digital object can be animated. In achieving maximum realism, the materials that are applied on an object are carefully and accurately chosen. During this step, the 3D artist selects all the Materials and necessary materials to create precise renderings. Texturing The 3D artist sets up lights in the 3D scene to replicate real-world lighting. Lighting settings in the program are aimed at recreating the effects of light rays Lighting reflected from objects in real life. This is the actual act of generating the image. In this stage, it can take anywhere from a fraction of a second to several days or weeks. Rendering time depends on the complexity of the scene and the quality desired. Mirrors, glass, Rendering and fur take longer to render because of its details. After the rendering is complete, 3D artists typically have to do additional editing to fine-tune the image's appearance. This might include a combination of lighting, texturing, or other editing processes providing a polish and Refining photorealism to the image. 03 Handout 2 *Property of STI  [email protected] Page 2 of 7  AS2209 APPLICATIONS OF 3D RENDERING 3D rendering is one of the staples of 3D art. They can be photorealistic or non-photorealistic, depending on their application and purpose. This practice has numerous utilizations in many industries: Design and Architecture Render by Artur Szostakow from ArtStation Render by Masoud Bazzaz from ArtStation Architecture has been around for as long as humanity. Since the digitalization of architecture, everything is done through the computer, and 3D rendering is vital when designing architectural projects. Through this, artists can add depth to their art form and make it more appealing to customers. They can illustrate their design to show how it will look in a real-life environment. Interior and Real Estate Render by Harry Arthur from ArtStation Render by Yassin Mohamed from ArtStation Real estate, similar to architecture, deals with turning houses into homes. Through 3D rendering, real estate agents show an immersive presentation of what they’re offering—highlighting all of the subtle details found in real estate and making the design more appealing to their consumer base. 03 Handout 2 *Property of STI  [email protected] Page 3 of 7  AS2209 Science and Healthcare Render by Kevin Gato from ArtStation Render by Charles Perdices from ArtStation Healthcare is complex, intricate, and elaborate. 3D rendering has improved how healthcare professionals educate themselves, prepare for their practice, and even aid doctors in specific situations. Healthcare professionals use 3D rendering to map the human anatomy, prepare for surgical procedures, and many more. Marketing and Advertising Render by Philip Meys from ArtStation Render by Carlos Henriques from ArtStation 3D rendering is highly beneficial for marketing as it allows for more elaborate, realistic advertisements, which enable marketing executives to present products uniquely. As marketing is all about presentation, through 3D rendering, marketers can present virtually anything that all of a product or service’s perks, benefits, and features are highlighted visually, making it appeal to the broadest possible consumer demographic. 03 Handout 2 *Property of STI  [email protected] Page 4 of 7  AS2209 Entertainment Render by Louis Cresson from ArtStation Render by Seungnam Yang from ArtStation Entertainment comes in all shapes and sizes, and 3D rendering has allowed studios to produce content more efficiently. By using 3D rendering, tasks and processes that used to take a lot of time, money, and workforce can now be sped up, streamlined, and perfected to the point that the entertainment itself is higher in quality and production is more cost-efficient. Aside from animation, 3D rendering has a great SFX application across modern movies, shows, and media. Video Games Render by Raquel Garcia from ArtStation Render by Aney Sieko from ArtStation Videos games get players to explore new horizons, experience new worlds, and become game characters. 3D rendering has allowed game designers to create intricate new worlds, characters, and stories to captivate customers. Real-time 3D rendering is integral to the modern gaming industry since all three-dimensional games use it. Its application allows game designers to observe a model from different perspectives to see any flaws, make any necessary changes, or improve the model in one way or another. FILE FORMATS When selecting a file format for the final rendered image, one must consider the main purpose for which the image must be used. If an image is used for high-quality printing, it must use a CMYK color mode and be saved in.tiff or.eps formats. If the client needs an image that maintains its quality upon scaling, then vector format should be used. Other than image exporting, 3D exporting can also be considered when rendering. 3D exporting takes your 3D data from a specific software and restructures it so other 3D software can understand it. The most common reason for 3D exporting is to do additional editing in another program. Some clients use different 3D software in their pipeline, so the 3D scene must be saved in a format that fits into their workflow. 03 Handout 2 *Property of STI  [email protected] Page 5 of 7  AS2209 IMAGE FILE FORMATS EXTENSION DETAILS AND DESCRIPTION Popular image format mostly used on the web and digital cameras. JPEG.jpeg/.jpg Convenient for storage and transmission. Uses lossless compression and is an open-source format used PNG.png widely on the internet. Supports the use of alpha channels for transparency and interlacing. Excellent quality for print, but EPS.epsf/.eps large file sizes pose storage and transmission problems. Vector format developed SVG.svg especially for the internet. Used for interactive web applications. 3D FILE FORMATS EXTENSION DETAILS AND DESCRIPTION One of the oldest 3D file formats, created in 1987. STL format is STL.stl used for 3D printing, rapid prototyping, and computer-aided manufacturing. This format encodes color and texture information that is stored on a separate.MTL file. This OBJ.obj format is mainly used in the 3D graphics and 3D printing industries. One of the most popular choices for animation. The video game FBX.fbx and film industries mainly use this file format. A standard file format for storing 3D models and interchanging between other 3D file formats. Virtually all 3D software packages 3DS.3ds support it. Architecture, engineering, education, and manufacturing industries mainly use this file format. 03 Handout 2 *Property of STI  [email protected] Page 6 of 7  AS2209 References 10 industries that are using 3D rendering. 10 Industries That Are Using 3D Rendering. (n.d.). Retrieved September 26, 2022, from https://www.easyrender.com/a/10-industries-that-are-using-3d-rendering Chandramouli, M. (2022). 3D Modeling & Animation: A Primer. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. Gharge, P. (2022). CPU vs GPU rendering: Which one is best? All3DP. Retrieved September 26, 2022, from https://all3dp.com/2/cpu-vs-gpu-rendering/ Glawion, A. (2022). What's the best 3D Render Engine (GPU & CPU) for your needs? CG Director. Retrieved September 26, 2022, from https://www.cgdirector.com/best-3d-render-engines/ Jimenez, A. (2022). What is a 3D rendering?: Blog. Domestika. Retrieved September 26, 2022, from https://www.domestika.org/en/blog/2738-what- is-a-3d-rendering/ Kelly, R., & Chakravorty, D. (2022). The most common 3D file formats in 2022. All3DP. Retrieved September 26, 2022, from https://all3dp.com/2/most- common-3d-file-formats-model/ Maksymova, I. (2022). What is 3D rendering and how is it working? Applet3D. Retrieved September 26, 2022, from https://applet3d.com/3d- rendering/what-is-3d-rendering/ What is 3D rendering? - 3D rendering services. XO3D. (2022). Retrieved September 26, 2022, from https://www.xo3d.co.uk/3d-rendering/ Van Gumster, J. (2020). Blender for Dummies (4th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Zeman, N. (2015). Essential Skills for 3D Modeling, Rendering, and Animation. Boca Ratoe, FL: CRC Press. 03 Handout 2 *Property of STI  [email protected] Page 7 of 7