Lecture Notes on Functional Foods and Nutritional Products PDF

WHAT ARE FFN?  INTRODUCTION: FOOD Food - any nutritious substance that people eat or drink in order to maintain life and growth - contains nutrients (essential) and other components  INTRODUCTION: FOOD Macro-nutrients (also supply energy) - Carbohydrates (sugars,...

WHAT ARE FFN?  INTRODUCTION: FOOD Food - any nutritious substance that people eat or drink in order to maintain life and growth - contains nutrients (essential) and other components  INTRODUCTION: FOOD Macro-nutrients (also supply energy) - Carbohydrates (sugars, starches – source of glucose) - Lipids (2 EFA’s) - Proteins (9 EAA’s) Micro-nutrients - Vitamins (13 essential) - Minerals (17+ essential) Water! All required by the body  NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS Optimal Nutrient Intakes for Adults (Nutrient requirements are different for children, pregnant and lactating women) - Prevent deficiencies - Maintain healthy weights - Optimize health and delay degenerative diseases  WHO TELLS US WHAT TO EAT ? CLASS EXERCISE – TAKE 5 MINUTES TO WRITE DOWN A LIST OF WHO YOU THINK INFLUENCES OUR EATING DECISIONS?!  WHO TELLS US WHAT TO EAT ? Who tells us what to eat? Health Canada, http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca Canada’s Food Guide to Healthy Eating and Physical Activity USDA, ChooseMyPlate.gov https://health.gov/dietaryguidelines/2015/guidelines/  SO….WHAT ARE FFN? Health Canada: The Definitions Although the terms "nutraceutical" and "functional food" are used commonly around the world, there is no consensus on their meaning. Consequently, the Bureau of Nutritional Sciences, of the Food Directorate of Health Canada, has proposed the following definitions: https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/food-nutrition/food-labelling/health-claims/nutraceuticals- functional-foods-health-claims-foods-policy-paper.html  SO….WHAT ARE FFN? A functional food is similar in appearance to, or may be, a conventional food, is consumed as part of a usual diet, and is demonstrated to have physiological benefits and/or reduce the risk of chronic disease beyond basic nutritional functions. A nutraceutical is a product isolated or purified from foods that is generally sold in medicinal forms not usually associated with food. A nutraceutical is demonstrated to have a physiological benefit or provide protection against chronic disease. From: http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca, Policy Paper - Nutraceuticals/Functional Foods and Health Claims On Foods, 1998  WHAT ARE FFN? Optimal Nutrient Intakes for Adults (Nutrient requirements are different for children, pregnant and lactating women) - Prevent deficiencies - Maintain healthy weights - Optimize health and delay degenerative diseases  BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS Additional term introduced by Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada: A bioactive substance is one that is demonstrated or purported to have a favourable effect on health. Bioactive substances include nutrients or non-nutrients in foods, or other substances with medicinal or pharmacological properties from non-food sources. Examples: vitamins, minerals, isoflavones from soybeans, probiotic cultures, botanical materials (i.e. Hypericum perforatum [St. John’s Wort]) From: http://www.agr.gc.ca Examples of Functional Phytochemicals Carotenoids Curcumin Flavonoids Indole – Carbinol Isothiocyanates Lignans Phytosterols Resveratrol Soy Isoflavones  WHAT ARE NHP’S? Health Canada (Natural and non-prescription Health Products Directorate; NNHPD) Natural Health Products (NHPs) are naturally occurring substances, homeopathic medicines or traditional medicines that provide a pharmacological activity or other direct effect in: diagnosing, treating, mitigating, or preventing a disease, disorder, or abnormal physiological state or its symptoms in humans; restoring or correcting organic functions in humans; or modifying organic functions in humans, such as modifying those functions in a manner that maintains or promotes health.  WHAT ARE NHP’S? Natural health products (NHPs) made from plants, animals, micro-organisms and marine sources come in tablets, capsules, tinctures, solutions, creams, ointments and drops vitamins and minerals herbal remedies homeopathic medicines traditional medicines like traditional Chinese and Ayurvedic (East Indian) medicines probiotics other products like amino acids and essential fatty acids So they are bioactive substances and they could be nutraceuticals (derived from food)  Food Micronutrients, macronutrients and other bioactive compounds Functional Food 1) Basic Foods 2) Processed foods with added ingredients 3) Foods biologically enhanced to have more of a functional component Nutraceuticals Organic Materials The bioactive isolate; consumed to Non-food sources: “provide a physiological benefit or Bark, leaves, stems, protection against chronic disease” roots, microbes Natural Health Products “Non-nutrient” NHP’s Naturally occurring substances that are used to restore or maintain good health: nutrient-related and non-nutrient related.  “Trying” to Zero in on FFN…… Functional Food Food has physiological benefits and/or  Health Canada definition protects against chronic disease  Requires frequency and Importance of Research Approaches to level of consumption that demonstrate efficacy; also credibility of has been shown to exert a claim and claimant. Also consider variety therapeutic effect within the diet and natural variation of bioactive.  Must be consumed by Measurable outcomes! individual at risk of Acute versus chronic impacts of FFN: particular disease or in making healthy people healthier, or whom the known healthy for longer – how do you physiological benefit could prove the claim? be observed  FUNCTIONAL FOOD CLASSIFICATION DETERMINED BY DOSE & INDIVIDUAL Joe Age 75 years Eats fatty fish Joey 2x/week Ages 5 years (following AHA Eats fatty fish guidelines) 2x/month Pre-existing CVD No risk of CVD FISH = FOOD FISH = FUNCTIONAL FOOD  OTHER CONSIDERATIONS “There are no good or bad foods, only good or bad diets.” Do you agree ? What is the relevance of this statement to FFN ?