Introduction to Internet and World Wide Web PDF

CSF3133: INTRODUCTION TO INTERNET AND WORLD WIDE WEB ASSOC. PROF. Ts. DR. WAN NURAL JAWAHIR HJ WAN YUSSOF LEARNING OBJECTIVES Describe the evolution of the Describe the purpose of web Internet and the Web browsers and web servers Explain the need for web...

CSF3133: INTRODUCTION TO INTERNET AND WORLD WIDE WEB ASSOC. PROF. Ts. DR. WAN NURAL JAWAHIR HJ WAN YUSSOF LEARNING OBJECTIVES Describe the evolution of the Describe the purpose of web Internet and the Web browsers and web servers Explain the need for web Identify networking protocols standards Define URIs and domain names Describe Universal Design Describe HTML, XHTML, and HTML5 Identify benefits of accessible web Describe popular trends in the use of design the Web Identify reliable resources of information on the Web Identify ethical use of the Web REASONS FOR INTERNET GROWTH IN THE 1990S 1. Removal of the ban on commercial 1. Personal computers were increasingly activity available and affordable 2. Online service providers offered low-cost 2. Development of the World Wide Web by connections to the Internet Tim Berners-Lee at CERN 3. Development of Mosaic, the first graphics-based web browser at NCSA KEY LAYERS OF THE INTERNET THE WORLD WIDE WEB INTERNET STANDARDS & COORDINATION A professional organization that provides leadership in addressing issues related to the future of the Internet IETF ICANN IRTF IAB These organizations help coordinate Internet standards and development. INTERNET, EXTRANET AND INTRANET WEB STANDARDS & THE W3C CONSORTIUM Develops recommendations and prototype technologies i.e. Those with special needs related to the Web Produces specifications, called Recommendations, in an effort to standardize web technologies "WEB ACCESSIBILITY" Accessible website Follow WAI guidelines Implement WCAG Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI) Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) Making websites accessible improves experience for users with disabilities WEB CONTENT ACCESSIBILITY GUIDELINES Introduced in 1999 by W3C Covers various accessibility topics 3 conformance levels Following WCAG guidelines helps create inclusive web experiences for all users regardless of disability UNIVERSAL DESIGN FOR THE WEB RELIABILITY & INFORMATION ON THE WEB Source credibility Information recency Additional resources Not Wikipedia Evaluating the reliability and accuracy of information found online requires checking the source credibility, recency, additional references, and looking beyond Wikipedia. QUICK TEST #1 1 2 3 INSTRUCTION TO STUDENTS Pair Up: 1 You will work in pairs to complete this activity. Each pair will be assigned a specific website to analyze. Understand Universal Design: Before you begin, remember the following principles of Universal Design: 2 Equitable Use: Can the site be used by people with diverse abilities? Flexibility in Use: Does the design accommodate different user needs? Simple and Intuitive Use: Is it easy to understand how to navigate the site? Perceptible Information: Does the site provide clear information, even for users with disabilities (e.g., visual impairments)? Tolerance for Error: Does the site minimize the risk of user errors? Low Physical Effort: Can the site be used with minimal physical effort? Size and Space for Use: Is the site usable regardless of the user’s physical abilities? Analyze the Website: Explore the Website: Spend the next 15-20 minutes exploring the assigned website. Pay close 3 attention to any usability or accessibility problems you encounter. Focus Areas: Look for issues like poor color contrast, missing alt text, difficult navigation, small font sizes, or non-mobile-friendly design. INSTRUCTION TO STUDENTS Identify Issues and Propose Improvements: 4 For each issue you identify on the website, fill out the worksheet provided with the following information: Issue Identified: Describe the problem you see (e.g., "The text is too small and hard to read"). Violated Universal Design Principle: Link the problem to one of the 7 universal design principles (e.g., "Low Physical Effort"). Proposed Improvement: Suggest how you would fix the problem to align with universal design principles (e.g., "Increase font size to improve readability"). Key Tips: Think about users with different abilities, such as people with vision impairments, hearing impairments, or motor skill limitations. Consider the experience on different devices (e.g., smartphones, tablets, desktops). Focus on making the website easier to use for everyone, not just specific groups. Here are 10 websites that would work well for your Universal Design Case Study activity: 1. Ling's Cars (www.lingscars.com) 2. Arngren (www.arngren.net) 3. Yale School of Art (art.yale.edu) 4. Suzanne Collins Books (www.suzannecollinsbooks.com) 5. The World’s Worst Website (www.theworldsworstwebsiteever.com) 6. Budgets Are Sexy (www.budgetsaresexy.com) 7. Rudgwick Steam Show (www.rudgwicksteamshow.co.uk) 8. Pacific Northwest X-Ray (www.pnwx.com) 9. Yvette's Bridal Formal (www.yvettesbridalformal.com) 10.Epicurrence (www.epicurrence.com)  NETWORK two or more computers connected together for the purpose of communicating and sharing resources NETWORKS Local Area Network (LAN) Wide Area Network (WAN) INTERNET INFRASTRUCTURE A high capacity communication link that carries data gathered from smaller links that interconnect with it. THE CLIENT/SERVER MODEL requests some type of service (such as a file or database access) from the server. Client Server fulfills the request and transmits the results to the client over a network THE INTERNET CLIENT/SERVER MODEL browser requests Client = Web Server = Web server browser/client server responses WEB CLIENT WEB BROWSER MULTI-PURPOSE INTERNET MAIL EXTENSION a set of rules that allow multimedia documents to be How does information get transferred? exchanged among many different computer systems Web server determines the MIME type of a file before the file is transmitted to the web browser INTERNET PROTOCOL 1 2 3 PROTOCOL FILE TRANSFER PROTOCOL (FTP) A set of rules that allow files to be exchanged between computers on the Internet. Web developers commonly use FTP to transfer web page files from their computers to web servers. }FTP is also used to download programs and files from other servers to individual computers. EMAIL PROTOCOL Sending email SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Receiving email POP (POP3) Post Office Protocol IMAP Internet Mail Access Protocol HYPERTEXT TRANSFER PROTOCOL (HTTP) A set of rules for exchanging files such as text, graphic images, sound, video, and other multimedia files on the Web. Web browsers send HTTP requests for web pages and their associated files. Web servers send HTTP responses back to the web browsers. TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL/ INTERNET PROTOCOL (TCP/IP) TCP/IP has been adopted as the official communication protocol of the Internet. TCP and IP have different functions that work together to ensure reliable communication over the Internet. TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL (TCP) Purpose is to ensure the integrity of communication Breaks files and messages into individual units called packets INTERNET PROTOCOL (IP) A set of rules that controls how data is sent between computers on the Internet. IP routes a packet to the correct destination address. The packet gets successively forwarded to the next closest router (a hardware device designed to move network traffic) until it reaches its destination. IP ADDRESS Each device connected to the Internet has a unique numeric IP address. These addresses consist of a set of four groups of numbers, called octets. 74.125.225.78 will get you Google! An IP address may correspond to a domain name. DOMAIN NAME Locates an organization or other entity on the Internet Domain Name System. Divides the Internet into logical groups and understandable names Associates unique computer IP Addresses with the text-based domain names you type into a web browser Browser: http://google.com IP Address: 74.125.225.78 UNIFORM RESOURCE IDENTIFIER URI – Uniform Resource Identifieridentifies a resource on the Internet URL – Uniform Resource Locator a type of URI which represents the network location of a resource such as a web page, a graphic file, or an MP3 file TOP-LEVEL DOMAIN NAME (TLD) A top-level domain (TLD) identifies the right-most part of the domain name. Current generic TLDs:.com,.org,.net,.mil,.gov,.edu,.int,.aero,.asia,.cat,.jobs,.name,.biz,.mobi,.museum,.info,.coop,.post,.pro,.tel,.travel,.xxx COUNTRY CODE TLDS Two character codes originally intended to indicate the geographical location (country) of the web site. In practice, it is fairly easy to obtain a domain name with a country code TLD that is not local to the registrant. DOMAIN NAME SYSTEM MARKUP LANGUAGES SGML – Standard HTML – Hypertext XML – eXtensible XHTML – eXtensible HTML 5 Generalized Markup Markup Language Markup Language Hypertext Markup Language Language A standard for The set of markup A text-based language Developed by the W3C The next version of specifying a markup symbols or codes designed to describe, as the reformulation of HTML4 and XHTML language or tag set placed in a file deliver, and exchange HTML 4.0 as an intended for display on structured information. application of XML. a web browser. It is not intended to It combines the replace HTML – formatting strengths of it is intended to extend HTML 4.0 and the data the power of HTML by structure and separating data from extensibility strengths of presentation. XML. QUICK TEST #2 1 2 3 This chapter provided a brief overview of Internet, Web, and introductory networking concepts.