Introduction to Photometric Diagrams PDF

SPECIALIZING MASTER LIGHTING DESIGN AND TECHNOLOGY, 2024/2025 01 INTRODUCTION TO PHOTOMETRIC DIAGRAMS Arch. Chiara Bertolaja Prof. Andrea Siniscalco  Lighting design – light as a material arch. chiara bertolaja  the lighting designer task is Design a lighting scene...

SPECIALIZING MASTER LIGHTING DESIGN AND TECHNOLOGY, 2024/2025 01 INTRODUCTION TO PHOTOMETRIC DIAGRAMS Arch. Chiara Bertolaja Prof. Andrea Siniscalco  Lighting design – light as a material arch. chiara bertolaja  the lighting designer task is Design a lighting scene Design the single elements to obtain the desired lighting scene The lighting design obligation is To use the light in the most efficient way  How to use the light in the most efficient way In depth knowledge of light sources available and their characteristics (CRI, CCT, and so on) Choose the light source wisely to perform the required viewing task comfortably Control the luminous flux  EXAMPLE 1 –lighting a table 5x5m, h 3m room – linear fluorescent lamps T5, 54W, flux 4.450lm; luminous efficacy: 82lm/W  EXAMPLE 2 –lighting a table 5x5m, h 3m room – Spotlight, beam angle of 25° with a extra LV Halogen lamp, 45W, flux 1.250lm; luminous efficacy: 28lm/W Linear fluorescent lamps T5, 54W, flux 4.450lm; Spotlight, beam angle of 25° with an extra LV luminous efficacy: 82lm/W Halogen lamp, 45W, flux 1.250lm; luminous efficacy: 28lm/W  Linear fluorescent lamps T5, 54W, flux 4.450lm; Spotlight, beam angle of 25° with an extra LV luminous efficacy: 82lm/W Halogen lamp, 45W, flux 1.250lm; luminous efficacy: 28lm/W average illuminance uniformity average illuminance uniformity  Controllo del flusso luminoso - Plasmare la “materia luce” We can immagine light as something solid with volume and shape: Volume = luminous flux (lm) Shape: luminous intensity distribution (cd) How to graphically represent the “shape of light” How to graphically represent the light distribution  Graphical representation of the light distribution A-alfa B-beta C-gamma  Graphical representation of the light distribution B-beta Graphical representation of the light distribution B-beta  C-ϒ System 1 – Primary axis 1 – Primary axis 2 – Tertiary axis 2 – Tertiary axis 3 – Secondary axis 3 – Secondary axis 4 – Photometric center 4 – Polar axis  European Convention Convention for horizontal and vertical axes in Europe  IESNA LM-63 Convention IESNA LM-63 :ANSI Approved Standard File Format for Electronic Transfer of Photometric Data and Related Information  Luminous Intensity table The pitch of the angles between the half-planes C and γ angles can be constant or not and should be more dense for very narrow photometric distributions. For LED fixtures, the standard EN 13032-4:2019 requires measurements to be carried out with a maximum angular step of 2° for γ angles and 10° for C planes. With reference to the standard IES LM-79-24, the absolute measurement of the luminous intensity distribution of LED luminaires must be carried out with a maximum pitch angle of 5° for γ angles and 22.5° for C planes. Luminous Intensity table  Polar vs Cartesian diagrams Luminous intensities can be represented on Polar (more common) or Cartesian (less common) diagrams. These diagrams illustrate the distribution of the luminous intensity along the angles of the diagrams in precise planes for a specific photometric coordinate system (in example Cγ). The emission of a luminaire on the plans C0-180° and C90-270° on a Polar diagram (left) and on a Cartesian diagram (right).  Spotlight, beam Linear fluorescent angle of 25° with an lamps T5, 54W, flux extra LV Halogen 4.450lm; luminous lamp, 45W, flux efficacy: 82lm/W 1.250lm; luminous efficacy: 28lm/W  Normalization in cd/klm Luminous intensities are generally tabulated after being normalized and bringing the values ​of intensity emitted as the refer to a 1000 lumen lamp (intensity values ​in cd/klm). Reason: So that the relief is free from the dependence on the specific lamp used for the measurement (lamps of the same family may have highly variable flux). The same relief (same constructive geometry) can be associated with multiple devices that differ only by the power of the lamp. I cd (C , γ ) I cd /1000lm (C , γ ) = 1000 * φr Icd/1000 lm(C,γ): Luminous intensity value in cd/1000 lm in C-γ direction I(C,γ): Luminous intensity emitted in C-γ direction given in cd φr: Luminous flux of the Lamp/Lamps, given in lm  Absolute cd Usually, the luminous intensities are referred to 1000 lm of lamp, but there are exceptions for which you provide the data in absolute cd: LED Luminaires (it is not easy to define the luminous flux of individual LEDs, being strongly dependent on the junction temperature Tj) Lamps with built-in reflector Regulation (UE) 2019/2020 - SLR: Definitions Definition of CONTAINING PRODUCT The product containing one or more separate light sources or power supply units, or both. Examples of containing products: Luminaires that can be dismantled domestic appliances containing one or more light sources furniture containing one or more light sources. If a containing product cannot be dismantled for the purpose of testing the light source and the separate power supply unit, the container product as a whole is considered to be a light source.  Absolute cd By their very nature, the "lamp" cannot be separated from the luminaire in most Solid-State Lighting (SSL) products. Therefore, it is generally not possible to apply photometric measurement techniques to single LED light sources. For this reason, absolute photometry is used rather than relative or normalised. The EU norm of reference is EN 13032-4:2019 (in part equivalent to the US norm IES LM-79-24), which establishes the general principles for measuring photometric parameters typical of LED lighting fixtures.  Luminaire EFFICIENCY with traditional lamps - L.O.R. (Light Output Ratio) The efficiency of a luminaire (L.O.R. Light Output Ratio) η is defined as the ratio between the luminous flux emitted by the luminaire and the luminous flux emitted by the lamp/lamps installed in the luminaire. φemitted η= φlamp where: φlamp: total luminous flux of the installed lamp/lamps, expressed in lumen φemitted: luminous flux emitted by the device, expressed in lumens Generally, for light sources (see also SLR definition) η = 100%  SSL Luminaires luminous EFFICACY 1. The luminous efficacy of the LED module is defined by the ratio between the luminous flux emitted by the module and the electric power measured, excluding the power dissipated by auxiliary power supply equipment (lm/W). 2. The luminous efficacy of the system is given by the ratio between the luminous flux emitted by one or more LED modules associated with the system and the electrical power measured on the whole system and consequently including the LED module and all of its electronic power devices, mechanical components (such as heat sinks), to a specified test temperature (lm/W). 3. The luminous efficacy of the LED luminaire is defined as the ratio between the luminous flux of the luminaire and the electrical power that it absorbs. 4. The functional performance (efficiency) of the LED luminaire is defined as the ratio between the luminous flux emitted by the luminaire and the sum of the luminous fluxes used to calculate the luminous efficiency of each module of which the module is composed. Polar diagram (Examples)  Cone diagram The cone diagram is often helpful for projectors and rotosymmetric beams. It shows the beam's width and the values of illuminance at different distances from the luminaire. In some cases, the illuminance is present in the centre of the beam and on its side.