Upper Airway Anatomy PDF

Anatomy of the Respiratory System Tamethia Perkins MS, RRT-NPS, RRT- ACCS RT 3005/6005  Upper Airway Upper airway consists of: NOSE ORAL CAVITY PHARYNX Primary functions: Conduction of air Filter Speech and smell Upper Airway ...

Anatomy of the Respiratory System Tamethia Perkins MS, RRT-NPS, RRT- ACCS RT 3005/6005  Upper Airway Upper airway consists of: NOSE ORAL CAVITY PHARYNX Primary functions: Conduction of air Filter Speech and smell Upper Airway  Nose  Primary functions: Filter Humidify Warm inspired gas  OUTER PORTION Bone and cartilage Upper third or bridge: nasal bones and frontal process of the maxilla. Lower two thirds: lateral nasal cartilage, greater alar cartilage, lesser alar cartilages, septal cartilage, and fibrous fatty tissue. Outer Nose  NOSE  INTERNAL PORTION  Nasal septum separates nasal cavity in two chambers.  POST:  Perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone.  Vomer.  ANT:  Septal cartilage  ROOF:  Nasal bones  Frontal process of the maxilla  Cribiform plate of the ethmoidal bone  FLOOR:  Palatine process of the maxilla and palatine bones  Posterior section formed by superior portion of the soft palate. Inner Nose Upper Airway  NOSE  Air Conduction  Nares or nostrils  Vestibule containing hair follicles = vibrissae.  First line of defense of tracheobronchial tree.  Nasal passage is also called choanae.  Turbinates or conchae  Bony protrusions on lateral walls of nasal cavity.  Increases contact area for inspired gas adding humidity and heat. Nasal Cavity  NOSE  Paranasal Sinuses  Air-filled cavities in the skull that communicate with the nasal cavity. Maxillary Frontal Ethmoid Sphenoid  Provide mucus for lubrication of the nasal cavity and act as resonating chambers for production of sound. Paranasal Sinuses  ORAL CAVITY  Accessory respiratory passage.  ROOF  Hard Palate  Palatine process of the maxilla.  Palatine bones.  Soft Palate  Mass of collagen ending with the uvula.  Soft moves upward and backward to close the opening between nasal and oropharynx.  Swallowing  Sucking  Blowing  Palatine Tonsils Palate Oral Cavity  PHARYNX  Divided into three parts:  NASOPHARYNX  OROPHAYNX  LARYNGOPHARYNX  Nasopharynx  Located posterior to the nasal cavity.  Contains the pharyngeal tonsils or adenoids.  Eustachian tube (auditory tube) on the two lateral surfaces of the nasopharynx.  Equalize P in the middle ear. Nasopharynx  Oropharynx  Between the soft palate and the base of the tongue.  Lingual tonsil at the root of the tongue. Oropharynx  Laryngopharynx  Between the the base of the tongue and the entrance to the esophagus.  Epiglottis is anterior to the laryngopharynx. Laryngopharynx Intubation By pass upper airway Need to warm and humidify If not: Excessive secretions Partial or full air-way obstruction Air trapping (mucus plug)