IoT Devices and Applications PDF

CS3243: IoT Devices and Applications Introduction to the IoT World What is IoT IoT: Internet of Things IoT is a new concept that is based on existing and matured technologies It focuses on the value addition...

CS3243: IoT Devices and Applications Introduction to the IoT World What is IoT IoT: Internet of Things IoT is a new concept that is based on existing and matured technologies It focuses on the value addition in a network (Internet) of sensors and actuators (Things) Sometimes also referred to as a “System of Systems” A brief history of IoT development Initial concepts on devices with embedded “smartness” started to appear even in the late seventies with the popularity of microprocessors and microcontrollers. In 1989 a modified Coca-Cola vending machine at Carnegie Mellon University became the first embedded system (Thing) to be connected to the ARPANET (Internet). In early 2000, new technologies such as RFID (Radio frequency identification) and cellular communication networks provided momentum for IoT applications – by solving two key issues, continuous power and communication. The term “Internet of Things (IoT)” was introduced by Kevin Ashton 1999. Initially, the Internet was for People-to-People communication. Later, when devices started to become more intelligent it became also a platform for “Machine-to-Machine” communication Availability of low-cost, high powered embedded processors make IoT to reach consumer device market in the second decade of the current century. Popularity and availability of mobile data communication networks too a contributing factor. IOT has become a common household-thing, that we use everyday either knowingly or unknowingly. Other concepts similar to IoT Cisco has been driving the term Internet of Everything (IoE). Intel initially called it the “embedded internet”. Other terms that have been proposed but don’t mean exactly all the same are: M2M (Machine to machine) communication Web of Things Industry 4.0 Industrial internet (of Things) Smart systems Pervasive computing Intelligent systems IoT And Other Concepts The world of IoT Industrial Smart home Smart Grid Wearables Internet Connected Connected Smart City Smart Retail Vehicles Health Smart Smart Supply Farming Chain IoT Sub domains Consumer Commercial Industrial Vehicle fleets / tracking Smart thermostat Factory automation Smart ID tag Smart utility & grid Health band Remote patient Smart watch monitoring Smart manufacturing E-Coupons Connected car Smart Remote monitoring Smart TV shopping carts and support Smart Fridge Driver behavior & Security and access control insurance Smart Aircon Targeted advertising Time attendance and HR management Smart lights Smart transportation Purchasing and Home Security / CCTV Inventory / stock management supply management Common IoT Applications Energy Automotive Cities & Communities Smart meters Navigation Public transport Distribution automation Tolling Smart buildings EV charging Mgt Traffic management Smart government Solar power Parking systems Utility and power supply Battery Storage Mgt Drive assistance systems Healthcare and emergency OBD and assistance assistance Public access services Healthcare Industrial Security Retail & Finance Implants Asset utilization Surveillance & tracking Fuel stations Vitals monitoring Inventory and stock Access control Supermarkets Telemedicine management Emergency services Vending machine Remote diagnostics Just-in-time manufacturing Environmental Monitoring ATM/CDM/CRMs Equipment tracking Location aware safety Disaster management and Self service checkouts Equipment status monitoring Smart tags & production response Customer Relations Mgt monitoring Smart pumps / valves etc. Energy management IoT Examples: Smart Traffic Management Fewer traffic jams Less accidents Optimal road usage Reduced travel times Enhanced security Less pollution IoT Examples: Smart Railway Shorter passenger waiting times Safer journeys Less energy usage Increased security More revenue for the operator Convenience to the public IoT Examples: Smart Cities Save energy Less pollution Optimal service usage Passenger convineince Enhanced security Less waiting time Less traffic  IoT Examples: Smart Home Smart Air conditioner Lighting control system Energy management Appliance control Smart thermostat Smart bathroom appliance Security system Smart garage door Smart door lock IoT Example: Off-grid solar energy Solar panels Inverter Utility grid How do we manage limited battery capacity to ensure long battery life and the and minimum use of Battery Domestic Load energy from the grid? IoT Example: Off-grid solar energy Utility grid Solar panels Inverter Battery Domestic Load Components of an IoT solution Sensors H/W Microcontrollers Software Communication Cloud/Central Big data AI/ML Actuators Interfaces Servers Analytics The “Thing” The “Internet” Computer vision Low computing power Voice recognition Edge Processing Low energy Natural Language Processing Embedded Processing Less reliability Data Analytics The Fog Layer Larger volumes Machine Learning Google, Amazon, Azure, Huawei etc. IoT systems: Challenges and issues How to protect access to devices Physical security of devices Lack of visibility Security Lack of controllability Malware DDOS How to protect access by devices Data exposure Privacy Personal privacy Unauthorized access Relatively young concepts and technologies Rapidly changing environments Technological issues Dependency on external factors (power, network, cloud etc.) Infrastructure dependency IoT: The Commercial perspective QUESTIONS?