01 - Introduction.pdf

Introductory Terms and Concepts What is the Internet? What is the Web? 1st: What is the Internet? Local Network A network of machines based on the TCP/IP TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol TCP/IP is the set of rules that govern machine-to-machine communicatio...

Introductory Terms and Concepts What is the Internet? What is the Web? 1st: What is the Internet? Local Network A network of machines based on the TCP/IP TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol TCP/IP is the set of rules that govern machine-to-machine communication  PC LAB 2 PC LAB 3 PC LAB 9... Local networks are usually confined to an organization, or some specific physical place. e.g. ICS , BioSci, computer shop local networks Local networks can connect with other local networks. Collectively, called an internet (small i) inter - Latin prefix, meaning “between two groups”  Internet* *big I World-wide network of computer networks Private Network Some local networks may be connected to the Internet while still being private, an intranet.  The Internet* (*big I) Developed by DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency) First known as ARPANET, a military application Intended for decentralized message passing https://www.sri.com/newsroom/press-releases/computer-history-museum-sri-international-and-bbn-cel ebrate-40th-anniversary (image)  The Internet* (*big I) Other Universities joined the Internet Then other companies, institutions, and eventually PCs at home https://www.sri.com/newsroom/press-releases/computer-history-museum-sri-international-and-bbn-cel ebrate-40th-anniversary (image)  The Internet is the collection of interconnected networks around the world and is populated by the machines connected to these networks. Examples of these machines are: ❏ Personal Computers ❏ Servers ❏ Phones ❏ Smart tech ❏ Routers ❏ Satellites 2nd: What is the Web? Internet =/= Web  File Internet Internet Email Transfer Telephony Relay Chat The World Wide Web Internet The Internet can be thought of as a service platform.  Ted Nelson Published a paper on hypertext, hypermedia, and hyperlinks in 1965 Ted Nelson had an idea about creating and using ‘linked content’ and coined the terms hypermedia, hypertext, and hyperlink for it.  Hypermedia A medium of information containing graphics, audio, video, hypertext, and hyperlinks  An important concept about hypermedia and hyperlinks was the nonlinear nature of the links. Sir Tim Berners-Lee Inventor of the Web (1989) The Web was developed in 1989 in the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) In French: Conseil Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire Tim Berners-Lee developed the first web everything: The first Web server, Web page, Web browser (1990) Web was first made publicly available on August 6, 1991 The web’s purpose was for automatic information sharing between scientists in universities around the world. The idea for the Web took cues from Nelson’s ideas about ‘linked content’, and hypermedia. The web is the interconnected collection of websites and webpages around the world. The Internet contains the Web as well as other services.  Tim Berners-Lee went on to found the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) in 1994 The W3C is an international consortium of member organizations. e.g Google, IBM, Microsoft, CERN “...to lead the World Wide Web to its full potential by developing protocols and guidelines that ensure the long-term growth of the Web.” -W3C mission Web Server Used to host and serve resources on the Web. “Server” can refer to both web server software and the hardware that hosts it.  WEB Request SERVER Response  WEB Request SERVER Response Re qu Re es s t po ns e Other Web Servers Web Browser Software used by humans to access and display resources in the Web Web Page Resource/document written for the web. Can contain text, images, video, audio, and other plugins. Website A collection of related web pages (usually under the same domain) Static Web Page A page that is served ‘as is’ by the server. Different viewers all see the same content. Dynamic Web Page A resource/document that contains dynamic elements. Different viewers may see different content. http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/T heProject.html The first website http://line-mode.cern.ch/www/hyperte xt/WWW/TheProject.html line-mode browser (just a simulator)