Cell Theory & Organelles (SNC2D) 2023 PDF

Studying the Structure of Cells Introduction to Cells SNC2D What are the characteristics of living things? Brainstorm! 1. Living things are composed of cells http://www.dmacc.edu/Instructors/Image26.gif http://mabryonline.o...

Studying the Structure of Cells Introduction to Cells SNC2D What are the characteristics of living things? Brainstorm! 1. Living things are composed of cells http://www.dmacc.edu/Instructors/Image26.gif http://mabryonline.org/blogs/larkin/images/elode a_cells.jpg 2. Living things reproduce, grow, and repair themselves 2. Living things reproduce, grow, and repair themselves 3. Living things require energy 4. Living things respond to the environment 5. Living things have a life span 6. Living things produce wastes  What is Biology? Biology means “the study of life” What are some examples of subtopics of Biology? – Animal behaviour (zoology) – Cell Biology – Ecology of Infectious Disease – Evolution – Genetics – Medicine  Check out these videos! How small can life be?  Why Study Cells? Knowledge of how cells Knowledge of brain cells behave in humans show that artificial and mosquitoes has sweeteners (like helped scientists Splenda) actually develop a malaria make us gain weight. vaccine  Why Study Cells? Knowledge of Knowledge of skin and blood cells heart and brain cells has made the use of show that cold skin grafts to repair temperatures reduce burnt skin possible the harm caused by heart attacks  Cell Theory 1. Cells are the basic units of life A white blood cell under a scanning electron microscope  Cell Theory 2. All living organisms are composed of one or more cells Plant cells under a microscope  Cell Theory 3. All cells come from pre-existing cells A single celled organism (Amoeba) undergoing cell division Biological Levels of Organization (B.L.O.O.) Cop Subatomic Organism Population Particles (Protons / Electrons / Neutrons) Organ System Community Atoms Organ Ecosystem Molecules Tissue The Biosphere (Earth) Organelles (Cell Parts) Cell  Practice Subatomic Particles Atoms are made up of __________ Atoms Molecules are made up of __________ Cells are made up of Organelles _________ Organ Systems are made up of Organs __________ Populations are made up of Organisms __________  What do you already know? Complete the concept map below: Cell Diseases Functions -cancer - -leukemia -E.coli Cells -Sickle cell anemia Organelles Types of Cells (Cell Parts) muscle, nerve, -vacuole, nucleus, nuclei, skin, stem, fat endoplasmic reticulum, cells, blood,  Prokaryote Cells “Pro” means before, “karyon” means nucleus” Cells that lack a nucleus and membrane bound organelles DNA is contained in a nucleoid region Smallest cell type Example: bacterial cells Prokaryote Cells  Eukaryote Cells “Eu” meaning true and “karyon” meaning nucleus Cells that have a nucleus as well as membrane-bound organelles Note: Organelles are cell structures with specific functions Examples: plant, animal, fungus and protist cells Note: Protists are single celled organisms (like an Amoeba)  Animal Cell Organelles Nucleus Endoplasmic Reticulum Ribosome Cytoplasm Vacuole Mitochondrion Golgi Body Cell Membrane Cytoskeleton Vesicle  Plant Cell Organelles Vesicle Vacuole Nucleus Chloroplast Ribosome Cytoskeleton Endoplasmic Reticulum Cell Membrane Cell Wall Cytoplasm Mitochondrion Golgi Body Open your textbook to p. 30 -read through the structure in your handout, and match them with the correct organelle from your textbook Structure and Function of Cell Organelles Big Idea: The Structure of an Organelle relates to its Function Organelle P/A/B Structure Function Ribosome Both Composed of Assemble proteins subunits on which material can be attached Can be bound to ER or free floating in cytoplasm  Organelle P/A/B Structure Function Nucleus Both Sphere shaped Control all cell structure that activities contains DNA Endoplasmic Both Folded network Transport materials Reticulum of made in cell membrane-cove red channels Cytoplasm Both Gel-like material Fluid in which cell containing organelles sugars and are suspended water Provide raw materials for metabolic processes  Organelle P/A/B Structure Function Vacuole Both ∙ Fluid filled sac ∙ Used to store small ∙ Animals have molecules e.g. water several small vacuoles ∙ Plants have one large vacuole Golgi Body Both ∙ Stacked ∙ Sorts and packages membrane-boun molecules to be d sacs transported out of the cell Cell Membrane Both ∙ Layer ∙ Separates cell surrounding contents from outside of cell surroundings ∙ Controls flow of materials in and out of cell  Organelle P/A/B Structure Function Vesicle (not in Both ∙ Membrane – ∙ Store and transport textbook) bound sac material inside cell ∙ Helps material cross cell membrane Cytoskeleton Both ∙ Filaments and ∙ Help cell maintain (not in tubules structure by providing textbook) “tracks” along which organelles can move Mitochondrion Both ∙ Bean shaped ∙ Where cellular (sin) structure with respiration occurs Mitochondria many folds ∙ Equation: Glucose + (pl) Oxygen → Carbon Dioxide + Water  Organelle P/A/B Structure Function Chloroplast P ∙ Structure ∙ Where containing photosynthesis light-trapping occurs pigment ∙ Equation: Carbon (Chlorophyll) Dioxide + Water → Glucose + Oxygen Cell Wall P ∙ Rigid outer layer ∙ Provides structure and support  Comparing Plant vs. Animal Cells In groups, compare and contrast plant and animals cells in terms of organelles, shape and cellular processes: Animal Plant Nucleus Mitochondria Chloroplast Golgi Body Cell Wall Endoplasmic Small Large Vacuole Reticulum Vacuoles Cell Rectangular Membrane Round shape shape Ribosome Vesicle Complete the textbook questions written on the back of your handout