Waxing-Up Of Complete Dentures PDF

Definition: •Waxing-up: is the process of waxing and carving of the wax to the shape and contour of a trial denture into the desired form. The contouring of the denture base into the desired form to produce a denture base that reproduces the contour of the original tissues in the dentulous mout...

Definition: •Waxing-up: is the process of waxing and carving of the wax to the shape and contour of a trial denture into the desired form. The contouring of the denture base into the desired form to produce a denture base that reproduces the contour of the original tissues in the dentulous mouth. Waxing up Importance • The form of the polished surfaces and the proper location of the artificial teeth play a major role in 1- Produce pleasing natural appearance. • Influences the aesthetic of the denture. • Support the cheeks, lips and tongue 2- Aids in retention and stability of the denture. • Stability of the dentures • Influences its retentive quality. Criteria for waxing up Swenson's procedure. rules in waxing up • Natural appearance of the contours of all surfaces of the denture. • The peripheral outlines and borders should be reproduced • Buccal and labial contours should be concave. • Considerable thickness of linqual flanges • Considerable thickness of the palate • Care should be given to the rugae area • Stippling Steps of waxing up Maxillary denture base Mandibular denture base 1- Anterior region - slight convex -Relatively straight 2- Buccal flange premolar- backward -Concave (Downward & outward) -Concave (upward & outward) 3- Lingual surface a- anteriorly b- premolar-molar c- posterior to 7 4- Palatal surface ― -Uniform thickness= 2.5 mm -Rugae area contour a - straight b - relatively straight. c- downward & inward ― Upper denture: • 1-The wax periphery must be • Extended to the maximum depth. • Fully rounded • Highly polished. •2-The labial waxing may be thickened in order to restore lost facial contour. 3-The buccal surface should face downwards and outwards . • 4- Festooning and cusped eminence should be provided. • 5-Gingival crests should be trimmed exactly to the finished line. No deep grooves should be done. Normal gingival contour in young Gingival contour raised cervically in middle aged Gingival recession in elderly IMPROPER WAX CONTOUR •5- Stippling of the facial surface. •6-The palatal surface will face inwards and downwards. •7-The palate should have an even thickness of 2.5 mm Lower denture • 1)The labial surface concave. • 2) The peripheries Fully rounded • Highly polished. • • 3) In the premolar region the buccal surface flat and thin. In the molar region • The wax thickened and widened • Face outwards and upwards. • 4) • 5) The lingual surface must face inwards and upwards (concave). The concavity does not extend under the teeth (in the middle of the flange) so that the tongue does not raise the denture. • 6) The wax should be extended to cover the maximum area possible in the retromolar region. The lingual flange should not be bulky Technique of waxing-up the denture TECHNIQUE 1- Spot- lute the base plate to the cast. 2- Bulk waxing 3- Gingival trimming 4- Contouring (Festooning 5- Shaping the trial denture flange 6- Palatal contouring 7- Stippling 8- Polishing the wax surfaces 9- A check of occlusion 10- Tooth cleaning Steps of waxing up Artificial teeth - Remove any excess wax around the teeth. - The gingival papillae is convex occlusogingivally and mesio- gingivally. - The gingival margin carved to 45° to cervical. - The attached gingiva is stippled ( orange peel effect). - Root prominence is contoured and fades out at the borders. - Contour the wax at the border to produce perfect seal. - Remove any wax from the teeth surface with wax solvent. Waxing up Procedure of waxing up ➢ The casts removed from the articulator and cleaned. ➢ Strip of wax placed from the gingival third to of the teeth the peripheral border buccally and linqually. ➢ Carving the gingival margin should be carried with a kinfe at 45 angle to the cervix. ➢ The surface of the wax is rubber with a piece of moist gauze for polishing. ➢ Teeth cleaned with wax solvent. ➢ The trial denture is replaced on the articulator to check the occlusion. Shape of the polished denture surface ➢ Maxillary denture ➢ Mandibular denture The form of the denture bases between the teeth and the border should be shaped in such a manner as to aid retention by the mechanical directional forces of the muscles and tissues. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. They should duplicate the covered soft tissues as accurately as possible. Labial and buccal fullness of the maxillary and mandibular dentures should be present. Notches should be provided to accommodate the mucous membrane attachment both in size and direction. The contour of the denture flanges should be compatible with the shape of the cheeks and lips. The contour of the lingual flange of the mandibular dentures should have the least possible amount of the bulk, except the border. In general , we have two methods for festooning: 1. Press on method 1. Drop on method. Press on method: This method can be achieved by softening sheet of wax, then it will be adapted on the flanges of record base, and by using a hot spatula or wax knife we give the natural appearance of this outer surface as present in patient’s mouth, followed by using lacron carver to carve the forms of the roots and maintain the border of the denture. And finally we use a piece of cotton to smoothen this surface to be ready for flasking. Drop on method: In this method, we use stick of wax. The stick is heated on Bunsen burner flame and then the molten wax on the end of stick is dripped onto record base. we give the shape and contour of the outer surface by drop of wax followed by another drop until we finished all outer surface and sealed the record base with cast, then we start the carving and smoothing as mentioned in press method. They have a scalloped appearance. The gingival margins are carved at an angle 45° to the tooth surface. The level of the exposure depends on the age of the patient. Older patients have more receded gums. It is convex in shape both mesio-distally and occluso-gingivally. It extends up to the contact point of the two adjacent. It is given a uniform thickness of 2.5 mm. excess bulk here can interfere with the tongue function and speech. Stippling: it is a procedure of giving the outer surface of denture from premolar –to – premolar region the shape of orange shell. Advantages of stippling: ❖Scattered of the light to maintain the natural esthetic of the denture. ❖Give natural appearance and enhance the comfort of the patient. ❖Improve the stability of the denture. Disadvantages of stippling: Is the accumulation of food. For this reason, stippling would made in the anterior region only. The procedure of stippling: It is done by warming the outer surface of record base on burner; from premolar-to-premolar region, and by using of toothbrush, apply rubber motion on the warmed outer surface. If we forget make stippling during the step of festooning, then we can do it during the finishing of the denture by using small round bur to give irregularities (like orange shell) to the outer surface of record base.  One of the most common error in festooning is to make the interdental papilla non existent, or too small.  This provides a space between the teeth into which food tends to pack, and also makes the denture difficult to polish. Carving of the work is followed by polishing. Prior to polishing, excess wax on the tooth surface should be removed. Wax is smoothened by gentle flaming using an alcohol followed by immediate cooling in chilled water.