Write the actual Supreme Court rulings for the cases listed in the chart.
Understand the Problem
The question is asking for the actual Supreme Court rulings for specific legal cases listed in the chart. The user needs the rulings to complete the provided chart.
Answer
Filled Supreme Court rulings chart provided.
- Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) - The Court upheld 'separate but equal' racial segregation.
- Brown v. Board of Education (1954) - The Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students unconstitutional.
- Mapp v. Ohio (1961) - The Court ruled that evidence obtained in violation of the Fourth Amendment cannot be used in state law criminal prosecutions.
- Engel v. Vitale (1962) - The Court ruled that it was unconstitutional for state officials to compose an official school prayer and encourage its recitation in public schools.
- Katz v. United States (1967) - The Court extended Fourth Amendment protection to all areas where a person has a 'reasonable expectation of privacy.'
- Tinker v. Des Moines (1969) - The Court held that students do not lose their First Amendment rights to freedom of speech when they are on school property.
- Bethel School District v. Fraser (1986) - The Court ruled that it was appropriate for a school to prohibit the use of vulgar and offensive language.
- Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier (1988) - The Court held that school-sponsored activities, including student newspapers, can be subject to censorship.
- Texas v. Johnson (1989) - The Court held that burning the American flag is protected speech under the First Amendment.
- Morse v. Frederick (2007) - The Court ruled that school officials can prohibit students from displaying messages promoting illegal drug use.
Answer for screen readers
- Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) - The Court upheld 'separate but equal' racial segregation.
- Brown v. Board of Education (1954) - The Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students unconstitutional.
- Mapp v. Ohio (1961) - The Court ruled that evidence obtained in violation of the Fourth Amendment cannot be used in state law criminal prosecutions.
- Engel v. Vitale (1962) - The Court ruled that it was unconstitutional for state officials to compose an official school prayer and encourage its recitation in public schools.
- Katz v. United States (1967) - The Court extended Fourth Amendment protection to all areas where a person has a 'reasonable expectation of privacy.'
- Tinker v. Des Moines (1969) - The Court held that students do not lose their First Amendment rights to freedom of speech when they are on school property.
- Bethel School District v. Fraser (1986) - The Court ruled that it was appropriate for a school to prohibit the use of vulgar and offensive language.
- Hazelwood School District v. Kuhlmeier (1988) - The Court held that school-sponsored activities, including student newspapers, can be subject to censorship.
- Texas v. Johnson (1989) - The Court held that burning the American flag is protected speech under the First Amendment.
- Morse v. Frederick (2007) - The Court ruled that school officials can prohibit students from displaying messages promoting illegal drug use.
More Information
These cases are pivotal in shaping U.S. constitutional law, addressing issues from racial segregation (Brown v. Board of Education) to students' free speech rights (Tinker v. Des Moines).
Tips
Ensure accurate dates and names for cases to avoid confusion.
Sources
- Supreme Court Landmarks - U.S. Courts - uscourts.gov
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