• Travelling is more commonly motivated by physiological needs during the early times. • As pre-historic civilizations and governance emerged, travel became more motivated by trad... • Travelling is more commonly motivated by physiological needs during the early times. • As pre-historic civilizations and governance emerged, travel became more motivated by trade, military activities and government administration of large empires such as the Summerian, Persian, Egyptian, Assyrian, Greek and the Roman Empires in the Mediterranean and Middle East regions. • Travel has always depended upon technology to provide the means or mode of travel. Then, the invention of the wheel and the sail provided new modes of transportation. Caravan - travel using animals for businesses. • Caravanserai. • Pausanias - one of the earliest guides, a Greek which a 10 volume Guide to Greece for Roman tourists in 170 A.D. • Tourism - collection of activities, services and industries that delivers a travel experience, including transportation, accommodations, eating and drinking establishments, retail shops, entertainment businesses, activity facilities, and other hospitality services provided for individuals or groups traveling away from home. • World Tourism Organization (WTO) - mother of all tourism organizations. They claim that tourism is currently the world's largest industry with annual revenues of over 3 trillion dollars or roughly about 153 trillion in Philippine Peso. • The contributions of tourism to the economic growth of a place or even a country are widely credited by many economic experts all across the world. • Geologists Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid al Maktoum, the Vice-President & Prime Minister of United Arab Emirates and the Emir of Dubai resorted tourism as the answer to the potential economic meltdown his city is facing. • While tourism is one of the oldest organized travel activities in the world, its counterpart, hospitality is one of the organized industries. • Hospitality industry - first business to cater to the needs of customers along the road. - Is related to our words 'hotel' as well as 'hospital' and 'hospice' • Summerians - first to offer hospitality. • Tourism - is the concept of the movement of people entering a strange land to visit their sights, see their landmarks, share in their culture and sample their goodies. • Hospitality - is the process that enables an excellent tourist stream. • Distinctive Characteristics of Tourism and Hospitality Sector. 1. Perishability - the products/services are consumed as they are produced. 2. Inconsistency - Products of the tourism industry always differ. Rational product attributes like price, nights of stay, and additional services can only be compared to a minor degree. 3. Investment and Immobility - talking about hotels and other accommodations, there is usually a big capital lockup in the assets - hotels have furniture, restaurants, TV sets, laundry service, pools, sauna, etc. - invested capital that has to pay off. 4. People-Oriented - the interaction between the staff and the customer determines the perceived product quality. 5. Inseparability - most travel products are first sold and then produced and consumed at the same time. 6. Intangibility - tourism is all about the time spent and the experience made. 7. Inflexibility - travel products are fairly inflexible in terms of fluctuation. 8. Imitability - offers and products by tourism companies are generally easy to copy. Stakeholders in the Tourism and Hospitality Industry. The tourism and hospitality industry is a very broad industry which also includes service sectors such as restaurants, lodging, event management, theme parks, transportation, and other additional fields. Analyzing the stakeholder's role within the Tourism and Hospitality Industry • Stakeholders - individuals, organizations, or groups that have an interest or stake in an organization. • The organizations or individuals who have put capital or efforts in the establishment or development of the industry. • Businesses in tourism, government, and communities can have a stake in tourism and hospitality. • Tourists cannot be considered actual stakeholders because they do not make significant money through the industry. • Government - the most important stakeholders because policies and regulations of the tourism and hospitality industry are shaped by the government. • Industrialists - include travel agencies, organizations in the industry, and the transport agencies. The organizations in the industry include hotels, restaurants, and shopping centers. • Customers/Tourists - they demand value, quality, and high customer care. • Employees - they are the internal stakeholders that have a high level of interest in the internal policies of the industry. • Local Communities - they attract tourists and impact their intentions of visiting a particular place. Structure of the Tourism Industry • According to Bhatia (2006), tourism consists of various components including accommodation, transport, attractions, and support services. • Supported services include travel insurance, travel trade press, and marketing etc., which are cooperated as tourism products for tourists' needs. Supply Chain Management - is the integration of key business processes to end users through original suppliers offering services and information, adding value for customers and other stakeholders. Tourism supply chain - to respond with different services to relevant customer needs such as transportation service, catering service, hotel service, and relaxing service. Two types of process: • Service Flow • Information Flow Impact of External Factors in the Tourism and Hospitality Business • Leisure time • Enabling factors • Technology factors • Income • Demographics 1. Leisure time - the reason for the increase in leisure time is people have more time off from work or school holidays. 2. Enabling factors • New Money - brings with it the capital to achieve long-held dreams, so it should be no surprise that many newly wealthy individuals are choosing international travel. • Affordable Airfare - ticket prices are dropping thanks to a blend of factors, from lower fuel prices, carrier competition and a rise of low-cost airlines. • Corporate Travel - industry consolidation pressure to book directly instead of through online travel sites, and stricter cancellation policies help hotels capture a greater share of every business income. • Experiential Travel - focuses on experiences rather than consumer goods, for instance offering travelers the chance to create once-in-a-lifetime memories through a cultural exchange or wildlife encounter. 3. Technology Factors - better communication, transport, and safety have encouraged new customers to the industry. 4. Income - economists argue that a variety of factors (other than the price of tourism) could affect the demand for tourism: income of consumers, taste of the consumers and cost of complementary goods. 5. Demographic - major demographic trends at the global level - rising populations, increased life expectancy, urbanization, migration, changing family structures, present fresh challenges for the tourism sector. Trends in the Tourism and Hospitality Industry - Philippines • DIY is still a thing - Do-it-Yourself or DIY trips are also becoming more and more popular, with blogs, vlogs, and books (e-books & tangible) that let you do your trip your way. • Sustainability is the way to go - rehab (short for rehabilitation) is apparently a new buzzword for the local tourism industry. • Camping and glamping - Camping is when you get a sleeping bag or tent, bring your own food and find a place to sleep while glamping is camping leveled up. • Farm tourism is a thing - what you do is visit a farm, learn what it's about, what the farmers do, and what-not. • Pilgrimage - the Philippines is predominantly Catholic hence its handful of centuries-old churches, basilicas, and cathedrals that have stood the test of time both in the big city and distant islands. Trends in the Tourism and Hospitality Industry • Local Experience - getting to grips with is the desire for tourists or travelers to enjoy local experiences. • Healthy and organic food and drinks - there has been something of a cultural shift, with people becoming more aware of the things they are putting in their bodies, leading to a healthy food and drinks trend. • Sustainability - increasingly, customers are concerned with environmental issues and want to know that the businesses they deal with are behaving ethically. • Personalization - a growing number of hotel guests want to be treated as individuals rather than just another anonymous customer. • Smart hotels - is a hotel that makes use of internet-enabled devices, which are capable of sending data to one another. • Artificial Intelligence - the role is to improve customer service. • Robots - machines built to carry out complex tasks, either autonomously or semi-autonomously. • Bleisure travel by millennials - 'Bleisure' is the name given to trips that combine business travel with leisure activities, and it is increasingly popular, especially among the millennial generation. • Virtual Reality - hotels might use VR technology as part of their booking processes, allowing users to experience a highly realistic digital version of their hotel rooms before booking. • Augmented Reality - is similar to virtual reality technology in many ways, but rather than creating a new digital environment for users, it is concerned with enhancing real-world environments through graphical and informational overlays. Travel Motivators and its Influences • Age can affect the ability to travel either through health restrictions or through financial limitations. • Stage in the family cycle: Travelers may have the money and the time at their disposal, but family commitments may preclude travelling. • Political stability and peace: Although this issue may not prevent travelling; it may limit the tourists' choice of destinations. There may be restrictions that may be imposed on nationals of some countries for political reasons, including; conflicts, wars or acts of terrorism. Physical - Refreshment of body and mind or health purposes; participation in sports; pleasure or fun; excitement; romance; shopping and entertainment; among others. Cultural - Curiosity about foreign countries, people and places; interest in art, music, folklore and architecture; interest in historical places (remains, monuments, and churches); experiencing specific events (for example Olympic Games, etcetera); among others. Personal - visiting friends and relatives; meeting new people and seeking new and different experiences in different environments; escaping from one's own permanent social environment (desire for change; personal excitement of traveling; visiting places and people for spiritual reasons (including pilgrimages); among others. Prestigious and Status - pursuit of hobbies; continuation of education and learning; seeking of business contacts and professional goals; conferences and meetings; ego enhancement and sensual indulgence; fashion, keeping up with others, et cetera. Employment Opportunities in the Tourism and Hospitality Sector Hotel Operations: 1. Banquet and Conferences - a demanding yet high-energy career working in hotels, resorts, and conference centers setting up rooms and servicing events. 2. Food and Beverage Management - Responsible for all things related to food and beverage from ordering products to hiring staff and balancing profit and loss sheets. 3. Front Office Reception - from the very first moment of a guest's arrival, the front office serves as the face of the company and its standards of service. 4. Resort Management - Oversee all operations departments from the front desk and security to housekeeping and food and beverage. 5. Restaurant Management - A dynamic position leading a restaurant managing service food and beverage. 6. Spa and Wellness Management - Responsible for the day-to-day operation of a health or beauty spa. Events Management: 1. Concerts, Festivals, and Exhibitions - this role involves studying the brand, identifying the target audience, devising the event concept and coordinating all the technical aspects before launching or hosting an event. 2. Wedding Coordination - brides want to have confidence in their wedding coordinator and in doing so, this individual needs to be extremely organized and loved executing special events with many moving components, balancing a need for both structure and creativity in the workplace. Other Areas: 1. Airline - jump on board and travel the world as a flight attendant. 2. Amusement parks - manage the overall operations as a member of the leadership team or be ready to welcome amusement park goers behind the desk selling tickets, supervising a food and beverage outlet or controlling the rides themselves. 3. Casinos - Someone interested in this career may work as a dealer. Slot machine attendant, pit boss or an overall operations manager dealing with the activities, in addition to any lounges or food and beverage outlets offered to the players. 4. Catering - A mashup of sales, project management, and food and beverage, this is a fun and vigorous career. 5. Cruises - work in sales, food and beverage, housekeeping, maintenance, or security. 6. Consulting - whether in hotels, restaurants, or travel, becoming an expert in your trade will allow you to give sound guidance. 7. Trainers/Assessors/Educators/Instructors - teach in tourism and hospitality discipline areas in which the person has specific training competence. 8. Start your own business - with a little ingenuity, business sense, and creative genius you can start a company of your own and scale to great magnitudes. Read more