The electric circuit of document 2 is formed: A. Switch K is opened. 1. Determine the voltage across UPN and UPA. 2. Determine the voltage across UBC.
Understand the Problem
The question pertains to an electric circuit involving a generator and three lamps. It asks to determine the voltages across specific points in the circuit when a switch is opened. This will require applying principles of circuit analysis, such as Ohm's law and the laws of series and parallel circuits.
Answer
The voltages are: \( U_{PN} = 12\,V \), \( U_{PA} = 0\,V \), \( U_{BC} = 12\,V \).
Answer for screen readers
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The voltage across UPN is ( 12,V ).
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The voltage across UPA is ( 0,V ).
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The voltage across UBC is ( 12,V ).
Steps to Solve
- Understand the circuit configuration
When the switch (K) is opened, the circuit will determine the voltage across different points. The voltage across UPN is the voltage from point P to N (across the generator), while UPA is from point P to A, and UBC is from B to C across lamps L2 and L3.
- Determine the voltage across UPN
Since the generator maintains a constant voltage of ( U_{PN} = 12,V ), the voltage across UPN will remain ( 12,V ).
- Determine the voltage across UPA
When the switch is opened, the current ( I_1 ) through lamp ( L_1 ) is cut off, and all voltage will drop across the remaining connected components. If there are no other resistive components in the circuit affecting the voltage drop, we can say that ( U_{PA} ) is also ( 0,V ) because there is no current flowing.
- Determine the voltage across UBC
For lamps ( L_2 ) and ( L_3 ), if both are in parallel and the switch is open, the voltage across them will still be equal to the total voltage supplied by the generator, thus ( U_{BC} = 12,V ).
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The voltage across UPN is ( 12,V ).
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The voltage across UPA is ( 0,V ).
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The voltage across UBC is ( 12,V ).
More Information
The generator maintains a constant voltage, and the switches in electric circuits directly affect current flow, which consequently influences the voltage drops across various components. When the switch is opened, the current paths change, affecting which components receive voltage.
Tips
- Assuming current flows through all components: When the switch is opened, it's crucial to recognize that current stops flowing through that circuit path, leading to different voltage readings.
- Neglecting parallel components: When determining voltages involving parallel circuits, it's important to remember that the voltage across parallel components remains equal to the supply voltage if all paths are uninterrupted.
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