Students should be able to label an image of DNA replication with leading and lagging strand, 5' and 3' ends given the parent strand, DNA polymerase, ligase, Okazaki fragments, tel... Students should be able to label an image of DNA replication with leading and lagging strand, 5' and 3' ends given the parent strand, DNA polymerase, ligase, Okazaki fragments, telomerase, helicase. Which telomere regions will be removed? Students should know what happens in the major parts of the cell cycle: G1, S, G2 and M (you do not need to know the individual phases of mitosis, but you should know how it happens as a whole) and cytokinesis. Types of cells that stay in G0? Checkpoints in the cell cycle? What can signal a cell to divide? What is cancer?
Understand the Problem
The question is asking for students to label an image of DNA replication and to demonstrate their understanding of key concepts in the cell cycle, including DNA replication processes, cell cycle phases, checkpoints, and cancer development. It provides detailed steps involved in DNA replication and the roles of various enzymes and cell cycle phases, highlighting important components and processes.
Answer
DNA replication involves the leading and lagging strands. Key enzymes and components include helicase, DNA polymerase, and ligase. Telomere regions shorten as cells replicate. The cell cycle involves G1, S, G2, and M phases and checkpoints guide division. Cancer is unchecked growth.
Key regions and components of DNA replication include the leading strand, which is synthesized continuously, and the lagging strand, synthesized in Okazaki fragments. DNA polymerase adds nucleotides, and ligase joins fragments on the lagging strand. Helicase unwinds DNA, while telomere regions are typically shortened in replication. The cell cycle involves G1, S, G2, M phases, and cytokinesis; cells like neurons often remain in G0. Checkpoints ensure proper division; cancer results from unchecked cell proliferation.
Answer for screen readers
Key regions and components of DNA replication include the leading strand, which is synthesized continuously, and the lagging strand, synthesized in Okazaki fragments. DNA polymerase adds nucleotides, and ligase joins fragments on the lagging strand. Helicase unwinds DNA, while telomere regions are typically shortened in replication. The cell cycle involves G1, S, G2, M phases, and cytokinesis; cells like neurons often remain in G0. Checkpoints ensure proper division; cancer results from unchecked cell proliferation.
More Information
DNA replication is a vital process where DNA is copied before cell division. The leading strand is synthesized continuously, while the lagging strand requires DNA ligase to join shorter Okazaki fragments. Telomeres protect chromosome ends but shorten over time. Cells use checkpoints to regulate division and prevent errors, which if unchecked, can lead to cancer.
Tips
A common mistake is confusing the leading strand, which is synthesized continuously, with the lagging strand, which is synthesized in segments. Ensure correct labeling of 5' and 3' ends in DNA strands.
Sources
- Molecular mechanism of DNA replication (article) - khanacademy.org
- Chapter 9: DNA Replication - Chemistry - wou.edu
AI-generated content may contain errors. Please verify critical information
