Ionic bonding. Describe the formation of a cation from an atom of a metallic element, using the octet rule. Describe the formation of an anion from an atom of a non-metallic elemen... Ionic bonding. Describe the formation of a cation from an atom of a metallic element, using the octet rule. Describe the formation of an anion from an atom of a non-metallic element. State that transition elements can form more than one ion. Deduce the formula and name of an ionic compound from its component ions, including polyatomic ions. Describe the ionic bond as the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions. Deduce Lewis structure of ionic compounds. Explain the physical properties of ionic compounds in terms of their structure. Covalent bonding. Describe the covalent bond between two non-metallic elements as the electrostatic attraction between the positively charged nuclei and the shared pair of electrons. Describe double and triple covalent bonds. Predict whether a compound of two elements would be covalent (polar or non-polar) or ionic from the position of the elements in the periodic table or from their electronegativity values. Identify by name and write formulas of binary molecular compounds. Deduce Lewis (electron dot) structure of molecules showing all valence electrons for up to four electron pairs on each atom. Predict, using the VSEPR theory, the electron domain geometry and the molecular geometry for species with two, three, and four electron domains. Predict the bond angles from molecular geometry and the presence of non-bonding pairs of electrons.
Understand the Problem
The question encompasses various aspects of ionic and covalent bonding, specifically asking for explanations about the formation of cations and anions, the nature of ionic bonds, the Lewis structures of ionic compounds, and properties of ionic compounds. Additionally, it addresses covalent bonds, their types, and predictions regarding bond character and geometry based on periodic table positions and electronegativity values.
Answer
Ionic bonding involves electron transfer between metals, forming cations, and non-metals, forming anions.
Ionic bonding involves the transfer of electrons between a metallic atom and a non-metallic atom. The metallic atom loses electrons to form a positively charged cation, while the non-metallic atom gains electrons to form a negatively charged anion. These oppositely charged ions attract each other to form an ionic compound with a neutral overall charge.
Answer for screen readers
Ionic bonding involves the transfer of electrons between a metallic atom and a non-metallic atom. The metallic atom loses electrons to form a positively charged cation, while the non-metallic atom gains electrons to form a negatively charged anion. These oppositely charged ions attract each other to form an ionic compound with a neutral overall charge.
More Information
Ionic compounds are characterized by their high melting and boiling points due to the strong electrostatic forces between ions. They are also typically soluble in water and conduct electricity when dissolved or melted.
Tips
A common mistake is confusing cations and anions. Remember that cations are positive (metal loses electrons) and anions are negative (non-metal gains electrons).
Sources
- 9.4: Ionic Bonding - Chemistry LibreTexts - chem.libretexts.org
- 1.3: Ionic and Covalent Bonds - The Octet Rule - Chemistry LibreTexts - chem.libretexts.org
- Ions | Formation, Types & Charge - Lesson - Study.com - study.com
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