How does the outermost layer of the epidermis provide the skin's nonspecific physical defense against invading pathogens? (select all that apply)
Understand the Problem
The question is asking about the mechanisms by which the outermost layer of the epidermis contributes to the skin's nonspecific physical defense against invading pathogens. Essentially, it's asking how this layer acts as a barrier and protects the body from infection.
Answer
The outermost layer of the epidermis defends against pathogens because the cells are dead and filled with a waterproof substance.
The correct answers are:
- This layer is unappealing to most pathogens because the cells are dead
- The cells in this layer are filled with a water-proof substance that repels waterborne pathogens
Answer for screen readers
The correct answers are:
- This layer is unappealing to most pathogens because the cells are dead
- The cells in this layer are filled with a water-proof substance that repels waterborne pathogens
More Information
The epidermis is composed of tightly packed dead cells, which most microorganisms cannot penetrate. These cells are also filled with a waterproof substance, providing a barrier against waterborne pathogens.
Tips
Pay close attention to the wording of the question and answer choices. The question is specifically asking about the physical defenses of the outermost layer of the epidermis.
Sources
- The Dynamics of the Skin's Immune System - PMC - PubMed Central - pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Skin Immune Landscape: Inside and Outside the Organism - PMC - pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Epidermis (Outer Layer of Skin) - Cleveland Clinic - my.clevelandclinic.org
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