Describe the differences in how particles move in each of the three states of matter. What is the difference between having a fixed shape and having a fixed volume? Explain why gas... Describe the differences in how particles move in each of the three states of matter. What is the difference between having a fixed shape and having a fixed volume? Explain why gases can easily be compressed but solids and liquids are very difficult to compress. Explain, using diagrams, why an air-filled balloon goes down over the course of a week, even if the neck is securely tied.
Understand the Problem
The question is asking for an explanation of the differences between the three states of matter, how particles behave in each state, and the characteristics of specific examples provided. It seeks to clarify concepts like compressibility, shape, and flow of solids, liquids, and gases.
Answer
Solids vibrate. Liquids flow. Gases move freely. Fixed shape means rigid structure. Gases compress due to spaced particles. Balloons deflate as gas escapes.
Particle movement differs across states: solids have closely packed particles that vibrate slightly; liquids have particles that are close but move freely; gases have particles that are far apart and move rapidly. Fixed shape means particles are arranged rigidly; fixed volume means particles fill a set space but may shift shape. Gases can be compressed due to spaced-out particles allowing for compaction, unlike solids and liquids with tightly packed particles. Balloons deflate due to gas molecules diffusing through tiny openings. This is because gas particles are always in motion and can gradually escape even when the balloon is tied tightly.
Answer for screen readers
Particle movement differs across states: solids have closely packed particles that vibrate slightly; liquids have particles that are close but move freely; gases have particles that are far apart and move rapidly. Fixed shape means particles are arranged rigidly; fixed volume means particles fill a set space but may shift shape. Gases can be compressed due to spaced-out particles allowing for compaction, unlike solids and liquids with tightly packed particles. Balloons deflate due to gas molecules diffusing through tiny openings. This is because gas particles are always in motion and can gradually escape even when the balloon is tied tightly.
More Information
The movement and arrangement of particles define the state of matter, affecting properties like compressibility and shape retention. Gases can easily escape due to their high energy and spacing, explaining phenomena like balloon deflation.
Tips
Common mistake: Confusing fixed shape with fixed volume. Fixed shape means the form doesn't change, while fixed volume means it occupies a set space despite shape changes.
Sources
- Classifying Matter According to Its State - chem.libretexts.org
- States of Matter - Purdue University - chem.purdue.edu
- Particle Model of Matter - Siyavula - siyavula.com
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