Answer the following: (a) What is scientific induction? (b) What are the characteristics of scientific induction? (c) What is unscientific induction? What are the characteristics o... Answer the following: (a) What is scientific induction? (b) What are the characteristics of scientific induction? (c) What is unscientific induction? What are the characteristics of unscientific induction? (d) Find out the points of similarity between scientific and unscientific induction. (e) Discuss the nature of analogy? (f) What is analogy? What are the different kinds of analogy? Discuss. (g) What are the grounds of scientific induction? (h) What are the different kinds of induction improperly so-called? (i) What is unscientific induction? In what sense does unscientific induction pave the way for scientific induction? (j) Why is the conclusion of an analogical argument probable?
Understand the Problem
The image contains a list of questions related to scientific and unscientific induction, analogy, and analogical arguments. These questions require an understanding of the definitions, characteristics, and underlying principles behind these concepts in logic and reasoning.
Answer
Please see answer for all the questions.
Here are concise answers to your questions:
(a) Scientific induction: A method of reasoning to a general conclusion based on experiments and observations.
(b) Characteristics of scientific induction: Based on observation and experiment, generalization, inductive leap, and probability.
(c) Unscientific induction: Generalization based on simple observation without experimentation.
(d) Similarities between scientific and unscientific induction: Both generalize from particular instances.
(e) Nature of analogy: Inference based on shared similarities between two or more things.
(f) Analogy: Reasoning based on similarities. Types include argument from analogy (reasoning that if things are alike in some ways, they are alike in others) and figurative analogy (a comparison for illustrative purposes).
(g) Grounds of scientific induction: relies on the uniformity of nature.
(h) Kinds of induction improperly so-called: Perfect induction and induction by analogy.
(i) Unscientific induction paves the way: It provides preliminary generalizations that can be tested and refined through scientific methods.
(j) Conclusion of analogical argument probable: Because the conclusion depends on the degree of similarity and the relevance of shared attributes, which are not certainties.
Answer for screen readers
Here are concise answers to your questions:
(a) Scientific induction: A method of reasoning to a general conclusion based on experiments and observations.
(b) Characteristics of scientific induction: Based on observation and experiment, generalization, inductive leap, and probability.
(c) Unscientific induction: Generalization based on simple observation without experimentation.
(d) Similarities between scientific and unscientific induction: Both generalize from particular instances.
(e) Nature of analogy: Inference based on shared similarities between two or more things.
(f) Analogy: Reasoning based on similarities. Types include argument from analogy (reasoning that if things are alike in some ways, they are alike in others) and figurative analogy (a comparison for illustrative purposes).
(g) Grounds of scientific induction: relies on the uniformity of nature.
(h) Kinds of induction improperly so-called: Perfect induction and induction by analogy.
(i) Unscientific induction paves the way: It provides preliminary generalizations that can be tested and refined through scientific methods.
(j) Conclusion of analogical argument probable: Because the conclusion depends on the degree of similarity and the relevance of shared attributes, which are not certainties.
More Information
Inductive reasoning plays a crucial role in the scientific method, allowing scientists to form hypotheses and theories based on observation, experimentation, and analysis.
Tips
Distinguish between scientific and unscientific induction by noting the presence or absence of experimentation. Understand that analogical arguments are based on probability, not certainty.
Sources
- Class 12 Logic And Philosophy Chapter - 1 Nature of Inductive ... - devlibrary.in
- Nature of Indincrive Enguirg, Various kimals of Induction 21 - Filo - askfilo.com
- Scientific method - Wikipedia - en.wikipedia.org
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