Zymogens and Enzyme Activation in the Pancreas

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Which enzyme is responsible for converting proinsulin into insulin?

Trypsin (correct)

Pepsinogen

Trypsinogen

Pepsin

What can happen when the secretion duct in the pancreas is blocked?

Prevention of enzyme secretion

Activation of zymogens (correct)

Digestion of proteins

Synthesis of gallstones

Which enzyme converts pepsinogens into pepsins in the gastric lumen?

Trypsin

Trypsinogen

Pepsin (correct)

Pepsinogen

What is the function of zymogen granules in the cells of the pancreas?

Secretion of enzymes Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin participates in the synthesis of blood coagulation factors?

Vitamin K Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of caspases in apoptosis?

Cause cell death Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of converting procollagenase into collagenase in mammalian uterus after delivery?

Break down collagen Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of coenzymes?

They are derived from vitamins Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of biotin as a coenzyme?

It transfers carboxyl groups between molecules Signup and view all the answers

What is a zymogen?

An inactive precursor of an enzyme Signup and view all the answers

How does proteolytic cleavage differ from allosteric control and reversible covalent modification?

It is an irreversible process Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following enzymes is synthesized as a zymogen in the pancreas?

Trypsin Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of enteropeptidase in enzyme activation?

It activates trypsinogen Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of zymogens?

They are synthesized as inactive precursors Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an example of a cofactor?

Glycogen phosphorylase Signup and view all the answers

What is the physiological relevance of a zymogen?

It is an inactive form of an enzyme Signup and view all the answers

What is apoptosis?

The programmed cell death Signup and view all the answers

How are enzymes regulated?

Through the conversion of inactive enzymes to active forms Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a metal cofactor?

Se Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of coenzymes in enzyme activity?

They enhance enzyme-substrate binding Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a holoenzyme?

To enhance enzyme-substrate binding Signup and view all the answers

Which type of enzymes change shape upon binding an effector and can modify the maximal catalytic activity of the enzyme?

Allosteric enzymes Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of homotropic effectors in allosteric enzymes?

Enhance the catalytic properties of the other substrate-binding sites Signup and view all the answers

Which type of effectors are different from the substrate in allosteric enzymes?

Heterotropic effectors Signup and view all the answers

What is the main mechanism of covalent modification of enzymes?

Addition or removal of phosphate groups from specific amino acids Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acids are commonly phosphorylated in covalent modification of enzymes?

Serine, Tyrosine, Threonine Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of kinases in covalent modification of enzymes?

Catalyze phosphorylation reactions Signup and view all the answers

What is the main mechanism of regulating enzyme synthesis?

Alteration of degradation or synthesis rates Signup and view all the answers

When are enzymes subject to synthesis regulation?

When they are needed at only one stage of development or under certain physiological conditions Signup and view all the answers

Which type of regulation of enzyme activity is slower compared to allosteric or covalent regulation?

Induction or repression of protein synthesis Signup and view all the answers