Zymogens and Enzyme Activation in the Pancreas
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Questions and Answers

Which enzyme is responsible for converting proinsulin into insulin?

  • Trypsin (correct)
  • Pepsinogen
  • Trypsinogen
  • Pepsin

What can happen when the secretion duct in the pancreas is blocked?

  • Prevention of enzyme secretion
  • Activation of zymogens (correct)
  • Digestion of proteins
  • Synthesis of gallstones

Which enzyme converts pepsinogens into pepsins in the gastric lumen?

  • Trypsin
  • Trypsinogen
  • Pepsin (correct)
  • Pepsinogen

What is the function of zymogen granules in the cells of the pancreas?

<p>Secretion of enzymes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin participates in the synthesis of blood coagulation factors?

<p>Vitamin K (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of caspases in apoptosis?

<p>Cause cell death (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of converting procollagenase into collagenase in mammalian uterus after delivery?

<p>Break down collagen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of coenzymes?

<p>They are derived from vitamins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of biotin as a coenzyme?

<p>It transfers carboxyl groups between molecules (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a zymogen?

<p>An inactive precursor of an enzyme (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does proteolytic cleavage differ from allosteric control and reversible covalent modification?

<p>It is an irreversible process (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following enzymes is synthesized as a zymogen in the pancreas?

<p>Trypsin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of enteropeptidase in enzyme activation?

<p>It activates trypsinogen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of zymogens?

<p>They are synthesized as inactive precursors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an example of a cofactor?

<p>Glycogen phosphorylase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the physiological relevance of a zymogen?

<p>It is an inactive form of an enzyme (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is apoptosis?

<p>The programmed cell death (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are enzymes regulated?

<p>Through the conversion of inactive enzymes to active forms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a metal cofactor?

<p>Se (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of coenzymes in enzyme activity?

<p>They enhance enzyme-substrate binding (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a holoenzyme?

<p>To enhance enzyme-substrate binding (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of enzymes change shape upon binding an effector and can modify the maximal catalytic activity of the enzyme?

<p>Allosteric enzymes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of homotropic effectors in allosteric enzymes?

<p>Enhance the catalytic properties of the other substrate-binding sites (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of effectors are different from the substrate in allosteric enzymes?

<p>Heterotropic effectors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main mechanism of covalent modification of enzymes?

<p>Addition or removal of phosphate groups from specific amino acids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acids are commonly phosphorylated in covalent modification of enzymes?

<p>Serine, Tyrosine, Threonine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of kinases in covalent modification of enzymes?

<p>Catalyze phosphorylation reactions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main mechanism of regulating enzyme synthesis?

<p>Alteration of degradation or synthesis rates (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When are enzymes subject to synthesis regulation?

<p>When they are needed at only one stage of development or under certain physiological conditions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of regulation of enzyme activity is slower compared to allosteric or covalent regulation?

<p>Induction or repression of protein synthesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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