Podcast
Questions and Answers
What was the primary reason for the improved relations between the United States and Pakistan in 1979?
What was the primary reason for the improved relations between the United States and Pakistan in 1979?
- Pakistan's support for the Soviet Union's invasion of Afghanistan.
- Pakistan's recognition of Israel.
- The US concern about the spread of communism in Afghanistan. (correct)
- The establishment of a democratic government in Pakistan.
Which event directly led to Zulfikar Ali Bhutto becoming the first elected prime minister of Pakistan?
Which event directly led to Zulfikar Ali Bhutto becoming the first elected prime minister of Pakistan?
- His victory in the 1977 general elections.
- The resignation of General Yahya Khan after the loss of East Pakistan. (correct)
- The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan.
- His appointment by General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq.
What was the main cause of the civil unrest that led to General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq's military coup in 1977?
What was the main cause of the civil unrest that led to General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq's military coup in 1977?
- The assassination of a political opponent by Bhutto.
- Bhutto's decision to align with the Soviet Union.
- Allegations of massive vote-rigging in the 1977 general elections. (correct)
- Bhutto's policies favouring high-ranking military officers.
What was the main difference of opinion that prompted General Zia-ul-Haq to dismiss his self-appointed prime minister, Muhammad Khan Junejo?
What was the main difference of opinion that prompted General Zia-ul-Haq to dismiss his self-appointed prime minister, Muhammad Khan Junejo?
What role did India play in the events of 1971 in East Pakistan?
What role did India play in the events of 1971 in East Pakistan?
What was the primary reason for the rise of the mujahideen in Afghanistan during the late 1970s?
What was the primary reason for the rise of the mujahideen in Afghanistan during the late 1970s?
How did the death of General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq impact Pakistan?
How did the death of General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq impact Pakistan?
What motivated Zulfikar Ali Bhutto to call for general elections in 1977?
What motivated Zulfikar Ali Bhutto to call for general elections in 1977?
What was the primary basis for the partition of British India into India and Pakistan?
What was the primary basis for the partition of British India into India and Pakistan?
Why did conflict arise in the princely state of Kashmir during the 1947 partition?
Why did conflict arise in the princely state of Kashmir during the 1947 partition?
What was the significance of the death of Mohammad Ali Jinnah in 1948 for the newly formed state of Pakistan?
What was the significance of the death of Mohammad Ali Jinnah in 1948 for the newly formed state of Pakistan?
What was Liaquat Ali Khan's role in the early years of Pakistan, and what challenges did he face?
What was Liaquat Ali Khan's role in the early years of Pakistan, and what challenges did he face?
How did Liaquat Ali Khan attempt to stabilize Pakistan after Jinnah's death?
How did Liaquat Ali Khan attempt to stabilize Pakistan after Jinnah's death?
Why was the assassination of Liaquat Ali Khan a significant event in Pakistan's early history?
Why was the assassination of Liaquat Ali Khan a significant event in Pakistan's early history?
Following Liaquat Ali Khan's assassination, who succeeded him as prime minister, and what prior role did he hold?
Following Liaquat Ali Khan's assassination, who succeeded him as prime minister, and what prior role did he hold?
What was the initial understanding when the princely state of Swat joined Pakistan in 1947?
What was the initial understanding when the princely state of Swat joined Pakistan in 1947?
What key event directly followed the death of Zia-ul-Haq, shaping the political landscape of Pakistan?
What key event directly followed the death of Zia-ul-Haq, shaping the political landscape of Pakistan?
What was the main reason given for the dismissal of Benazir Bhutto's government in 1990 by President Ghulam Ishaq Khan?
What was the main reason given for the dismissal of Benazir Bhutto's government in 1990 by President Ghulam Ishaq Khan?
What action led to both Nawaz Sharif and Ghulam Ishaq Khan resigning from their positions in 1993?
What action led to both Nawaz Sharif and Ghulam Ishaq Khan resigning from their positions in 1993?
How did the Bhutto government initially view the Taliban's takeover of Kabul in 1996?
How did the Bhutto government initially view the Taliban's takeover of Kabul in 1996?
What significant change did Nawaz Sharif make during his second term as prime minister in 1997, after being appointed for the second time?
What significant change did Nawaz Sharif make during his second term as prime minister in 1997, after being appointed for the second time?
What was the primary international reaction to India and Pakistan conducting nuclear tests in 1998?
What was the primary international reaction to India and Pakistan conducting nuclear tests in 1998?
What was the direct consequence of the Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan in 1989?
What was the direct consequence of the Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan in 1989?
Which event occurred in the same year that the Taliban took power in Kabul?
Which event occurred in the same year that the Taliban took power in Kabul?
Which factor most significantly contributed to Ayub Khan's loss of public support leading to his resignation in 1969?
Which factor most significantly contributed to Ayub Khan's loss of public support leading to his resignation in 1969?
How did the United Nations respond to the Second Indo-Pakistani War in 1965?
How did the United Nations respond to the Second Indo-Pakistani War in 1965?
What was the primary reason Zulfikar Ali Bhutto resisted the Awami League forming the government after the 1970 elections?
What was the primary reason Zulfikar Ali Bhutto resisted the Awami League forming the government after the 1970 elections?
Which of the following scenarios best describes the significance of the 1958 coup led by Ayub Khan?
Which of the following scenarios best describes the significance of the 1958 coup led by Ayub Khan?
What direct consequence followed the failure of negotiations between Yahya Khan and the Awami League leaders in 1971?
What direct consequence followed the failure of negotiations between Yahya Khan and the Awami League leaders in 1971?
What was the key difference between the elections during Ayub Khan's rule and the 1970 elections in Pakistan?
What was the key difference between the elections during Ayub Khan's rule and the 1970 elections in Pakistan?
What role did the Soviet Union play in the aftermath of the Second Indo-Pakistani War of 1965?
What role did the Soviet Union play in the aftermath of the Second Indo-Pakistani War of 1965?
What event formally integrated Swat into Pakistan's administrative structure in 1969?
What event formally integrated Swat into Pakistan's administrative structure in 1969?
What action taken by Nawaz Sharif in 1999 precipitated General Pervez Musharraf's coup?
What action taken by Nawaz Sharif in 1999 precipitated General Pervez Musharraf's coup?
Why were the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) significant in the context of the 'War on Terror' following 2001?
Why were the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) significant in the context of the 'War on Terror' following 2001?
How did the Pakistani army's initial operation in FATA impact the region's existing tribal structure?
How did the Pakistani army's initial operation in FATA impact the region's existing tribal structure?
What was the immediate consequence of Pakistan publicly allying with the United States in the 'War on Terror' after the 9/11 attacks?
What was the immediate consequence of Pakistan publicly allying with the United States in the 'War on Terror' after the 9/11 attacks?
What event directly followed the conviction of Benazir Bhutto and Asif Ali Zardari on corruption charges in 1999?
What event directly followed the conviction of Benazir Bhutto and Asif Ali Zardari on corruption charges in 1999?
What was the significance of the US drone attack in FATA in 2004?
What was the significance of the US drone attack in FATA in 2004?
What was Asif Ali Zardari's status immediately before he went into exile in the United Arab Emirates in 2004?
What was Asif Ali Zardari's status immediately before he went into exile in the United Arab Emirates in 2004?
What factor significantly contributed to Osama bin Laden's successful entry into Pakistan following the US-led invasion of Afghanistan?
What factor significantly contributed to Osama bin Laden's successful entry into Pakistan following the US-led invasion of Afghanistan?
What was the primary goal of the Tehrik-e-Nifaz-e-Sharia-e-Mohammadi (TNSM) movement, started by Sufi Mohammad in 2005?
What was the primary goal of the Tehrik-e-Nifaz-e-Sharia-e-Mohammadi (TNSM) movement, started by Sufi Mohammad in 2005?
Following Sufi Mohammad's imprisonment, who assumed leadership of the TNSM and expanded its influence through illegal radio stations?
Following Sufi Mohammad's imprisonment, who assumed leadership of the TNSM and expanded its influence through illegal radio stations?
What event triggered Fazlullah to call on his followers to take up arms against the army in 2007?
What event triggered Fazlullah to call on his followers to take up arms against the army in 2007?
What was the anticipated political outcome of the widely believed agreement between Benazir Bhutto and Pervez Musharraf upon Bhutto’s return to Pakistan in 2007?
What was the anticipated political outcome of the widely believed agreement between Benazir Bhutto and Pervez Musharraf upon Bhutto’s return to Pakistan in 2007?
How did Fazlullah respond to the events at Lal Masjid (Red Mosque) between 2007 and 2009?
How did Fazlullah respond to the events at Lal Masjid (Red Mosque) between 2007 and 2009?
How did the Pakistani government initially attempt to resolve the escalating violence with the Taliban in Swat after the 2008 elections?
How did the Pakistani government initially attempt to resolve the escalating violence with the Taliban in Swat after the 2008 elections?
What led to Asif Ali Zardari becoming the president of Pakistan in 2008?
What led to Asif Ali Zardari becoming the president of Pakistan in 2008?
Why did Pervez Musharraf go into exile in 2008?
Why did Pervez Musharraf go into exile in 2008?
Flashcards
August 14, 1947
August 14, 1947
The date when Pakistan was created as the first Muslim homeland, and Swat joined Pakistan.
Partition of India
Partition of India
The division of British-ruled India into Pakistan (for Muslims) and India (for Hindus).
First Indo-Pakistani War (1947)
First Indo-Pakistani War (1947)
A conflict between India and Pakistan over the princely state with a Muslim majority population.
Kashmir
Kashmir
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Line of Control
Line of Control
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Mohammad Ali Jinnah
Mohammad Ali Jinnah
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Liaquat Ali Khan
Liaquat Ali Khan
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Khawaja Nizamuddin, Malik Ghulam Mohammad
Khawaja Nizamuddin, Malik Ghulam Mohammad
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1958 Coup in Pakistan
1958 Coup in Pakistan
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1965 Indo-Pakistani War
1965 Indo-Pakistani War
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1969: Ayub Khan's Resignation
1969: Ayub Khan's Resignation
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1969: Swat's Status Change
1969: Swat's Status Change
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1970 Pakistan Elections
1970 Pakistan Elections
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1971 Conflict Origins
1971 Conflict Origins
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1971 Indo-Pakistani War
1971 Indo-Pakistani War
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1971: Independence of Bangladesh
1971: Independence of Bangladesh
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Ghulam Ishaq Khan (Post-Zia)
Ghulam Ishaq Khan (Post-Zia)
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Benazir Bhutto
Benazir Bhutto
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Mujahideen
Mujahideen
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1990 Dismissal
1990 Dismissal
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1993 Power Shift
1993 Power Shift
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Taliban (1996)
Taliban (1996)
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1996 Dismissal (Bhutto)
1996 Dismissal (Bhutto)
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1998 Nuclear Tests
1998 Nuclear Tests
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1971 Pakistan Conflict
1971 Pakistan Conflict
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Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
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General Zia-ul-Haq
General Zia-ul-Haq
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Bhutto's Trial
Bhutto's Trial
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US-Pakistan Alliance (1980s)
US-Pakistan Alliance (1980s)
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Pakistan's Role in Afghanistan
Pakistan's Role in Afghanistan
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Bhutto and Zardari's Conviction
Bhutto and Zardari's Conviction
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General Pervez Musharraf
General Pervez Musharraf
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Al-Qaeda 9/11 Attacks
Al-Qaeda 9/11 Attacks
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Osama Bin Laden
Osama Bin Laden
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Pakistan Allies with the U.S.
Pakistan Allies with the U.S.
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FATA (Federally Administered Tribal Areas)
FATA (Federally Administered Tribal Areas)
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First US Drone Attack
First US Drone Attack
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Zardari's Exile
Zardari's Exile
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Tehrik-e-Nifaz-e-Sharia-e-Mohammadi (TNSM)
Tehrik-e-Nifaz-e-Sharia-e-Mohammadi (TNSM)
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Jihad
Jihad
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Maulana Fazlullah
Maulana Fazlullah
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Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan
Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan
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Red Mosque (Lal Masjid)
Red Mosque (Lal Masjid)
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Red Mosque Standoff (2007)
Red Mosque Standoff (2007)
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Bhutto-Musharraf Agreement
Bhutto-Musharraf Agreement
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2008 Swat Treaty
2008 Swat Treaty
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Study Notes
- This is a timeline of events relating to Pakistan and Malala Yousafzai
1947
- Pakistan was created as the first homeland for Muslims on August 14th.
- The princely state of Swat joined Pakistan with the understanding that it would remain autonomous.
- The partition of colonial India by the British divided the land into majority Muslim and Hindu areas, creating Pakistan and India.
- Pakistan consisted of two regions, East and West, separated by Indian territory.
- The rulers of princely states were given the choice of which country to join.
- The First Indo-Pakistani War occurred this year.
- The princely state of Kashmir, led by a Hindu ruler with a Muslim-majority population, tried to remain independent.
- Internal revolts by pro-Pakistani factions occurred in Kashmir, supported by the Pakistani army.
- The ruler of Kashmir joined India in return for armed assistance against the local rebels with Pakistani army support.
- The United Nations mediated a cease-fire and established a line of control based on the positions of the Indian and Pakistani armies in Kashmir.
1948
- Mohammad Ali Jinnah, the founder of Pakistan, died from illness.
- This left the country without strong leadership during a time when all aspects of the new state needed to be organized.
1951
- Liaquat Ali Khan, Pakistan's first prime minister, was assassinated.
- Khan, like Jinnah, was key to the establishment of Pakistan.
- He tried to stabilize the country by forging alliances and appointing key figures, which provoked resentment.
1958
- General Ayub Khan seized power in Pakistan's first military coup in a bloodless coup, exiling President Iskander Mirza.
- The coup was widely welcomed due to political instability.
- Ayub Khan set a precedent for the army taking over the government in times of political uncertainty.
1965
- The Second Indo-Pakistani War happened over the issue of Kashmir.
- The United Nations intervened, and a cease-fire was called.
- The United States and the United Kingdom supported the UN resolution by stopping arms sales to both countries.
- Negotiations returned the border to what it was before the war.
- India and Pakistan renounced the use of force, and the Soviet Union mediated.
1969
- Ayub Khan resigned due to his economic policies favoring the elite, limited democracy, and the fallout from the war with India.
- General Yahya Khan took over, declared martial law, and dissolved all governing bodies.
- Swat became part of the North-West Frontier Province, losing its independent status.
1970
- Pakistan's first national elections were held, allowing every citizen the right to vote.
- The Awami League and Zulfikar Ali Bhutto's Pakistan People's Party were the major contenders, with the Awami League winning the elections.
1971
- The Third Indo-Pakistani War resulted in East Pakistan becoming independent Bangladesh
- After the Awami League was prevented from forming government, widespread protests erupted and the Awami League proclaimed independence.
- India supported the new state and sent its army to aid the Awami League.
- Pakistan surrendered, and East Pakistan emerged as Bangladesh.
- Zulfikar Ali Bhutto became the first elected prime minister after General Yahya Khan resigned.
1977
- General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq took power in a military coup amid civil unrest due to Bhutto's unpopular policies and accusations of vote-rigging
1979
- Zulfikar Ali Bhutto was hanged after being accused of attempting to murder a political opponent.
- The Soviet Army arrived in Kabul to support the government of Afghanistan against the mujahideen.
- US-Pakistani relations improved, and Pakistan helped the United States support the mujahideen.
1988
- General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq and senior army officers were killed in a plane crash, and Benazir Bhutto became the first female prime minister in the Islamic world.
1989
- Soviet forces withdrew from Afghanistan, unable to defeat the mujahideen, and the country further destabilized.
1990
- President Ghulam Ishaq Khan dismissed Benazir Bhutto's government on the basis of alleged corruption and incompetence.
1991
- Nawaz Sharif became prime minister.
1993
- The army forced Nawaz Sharif and Ghulam Ishaq Khan to resign, leading to a second Benazir Bhutto government.
1996
- The Taliban took power in Kabul, imposing strict Muslim law but seen as a stabilizing influence.
- President Farooq Leghari dismissed Bhutto's second government because of allegations of corruption and mismanagement.
1997
- Nawaz Sharif formed his second government, and Malala was born in Swat.
- Sharif took away the President's power to dismiss the government
1998
- India and Pakistan conducted nuclear tests, leading to international criticism and sanctions.
1999
- Benazir Bhutto and her husband were convicted of corruption.
- Bhutto went into exile, Zardari was jailed, and General Pervez Musharraf took power in a coup.
2001
- Following the Al-Qaeda 9/11 attacks, the US bombed Afghanistan and the Taliban government was overthrown.
- Osama bin Laden escaped to Pakistan, and Pakistan publicly allied with the United States, but militants (including bin Laden) entered Pakistan due to the porous border.
2004
- The Pakistani army started operations against militants in FATA
- The first US drone attack on Pakistan occurred in this year, and Zardari went into exile.
2005
- Maulana Fazlullah started radio stations in Swat.
- A massive earthquake in Pakistan killed more than 70,000 people.
2007
- The army stormed the Red Mosque in Islamabad.
- Benazir Bhutto returned to Pakistan, Fazlullah set up Islamic courts, Musharraf sent troops into Swat.
- The Pakistan Taliban was officially launched, and Benazir Bhutto was assassinated.
2008
- Zardari became president, and Musharraf went into exile.
2009
- All girls' schools in Swat were ordered to close by January 15, as announced by Fazlullah.
- The Pakistani government reached a peace accord with the Taliban in February, imposing sharia in the region.
- Agreement broke down as Taliban took over Swat in April.
- The Pakistani army started a military operation against the Taliban in Swat in May and Malala with her family were among 800,000 that left Swat.
- In July, the Pakistani government declared Taliban cleared
- In December, President Obama announced 33,000 extra troops for Afghanistan
2010
- Floods across Pakistan killed 2,000 people.
2011
- Governor of Punjab Salmaan Taseer was assassinated
- Osama bin Laden was killed in Abbottabad; and Malala won the Pakistan National Peace Prize.
2012
- On October 9, Malala was shot amidst increasing threats.
2013
- Musharraf returned and was arrested and Elections went ahead despite Taliban violence.
- Nawaz Sharif wins to become prime minister for third time
- Pakistan transferred power to another democratically elected government.
- Malala addressed the United Nations in New York on her sixteenth birthday and called for free education for all children.
2014
- Malala received the Nobel Peace Prize on December 10, alongside Kailash Satyarthi.
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