Study guide exam 1 Hdfs

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Questions and Answers

What is behaviorism?

A theoretical approach that studies how observable behavior is controlled by the physical and social environment through conditioning.

What is bioecological systems theory?

A theory introduced by Bronfenbrenner that emphasizes the role of context in development, positing that contexts are organized into a series of systems in which individuals are embedded and that interact with one another and the person to influence development.

What is classical conditioning?

A form of learning in which an environmental stimulus becomes associated with stimuli that elicit reflex responses.

What is cognitive developmental theory?

A perspective posited by Piaget that views individuals as active explorers of their world, learning by interacting with the world around them, and describes cognitive development as progressing through stages. Signup and view all the answers

What is a cohort?

A generation of people born at the same time, influenced by the same historical and cultural conditions. Signup and view all the answers

What is context?

Unique conditions in which a person develops, including aspects of the physical and social environment such as family, neighborhood, culture, and historical time period. Signup and view all the answers

What is continuous development?

An aspect of development that unfolds slowly and gradually over time. Signup and view all the answers

Correlational research?

A research design that measures relationships among participants’ measured characteristics, behaviors, and development. Signup and view all the answers

Cross sectional research?

A developmental research design that compares people of different ages at a single point in time to infer age differences. Signup and view all the answers

Culture?

A set of customs, knowledge, attitudes, and values shared by a group of people and learned through interactions with group members. Signup and view all the answers

Ethnological theory?

Emphasizes the evolutionary basis of behavior and its adaptive value in ensuring survival of a species. Signup and view all the answers

Evolutionary developmental theory?

A perspective that applies principles of evolution and scientific knowledge about the interactive influence of genetic and environmental mechanisms to understand the adaptive value of developmental changes that are experienced with age. Signup and view all the answers

Experimental research?

A research design that permits inferences about cause and eﬀect by exerting control, systematically manipulating a variable, and studying the eﬀects on measured variables. Signup and view all the answers