Renal Study Guide Exam 1

<p>Prevent AKI</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To stimulate urine production (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (F)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ultrasound of Kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CT of Abdomen/ Pelvis</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cystoscopy or Retrograde Pyelography</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A sudden decrease in kidney function that occurs over hours or days. Can be caused by problems before, inside, or after the kidneys.

Reduced blood volume, low blood pressure, blockage in renal arteries or veins.

Conditions affecting the kidneys themselves: glomerulonephritis, NSAID use, contrast dye exposure.

Obstruction of urine flow after the kidneys: kidney stones, enlarged prostate, tumors.

Low urine output (<0.5 mL/kg/hr), elevated creatinine and BUN, concentrated urine with high specific gravity.

Fluid buildup in the body, leading to swelling (anasarca), low oxygen levels, high potassium levels.

Prevent AKI, identify risk factors, and manage fluid status closely.

Maintain blood pressure above 65 mmHg, consider diuretics, fluid challenges, and hemodynamic monitoring.

Progressive and irreversible decline in kidney function over at least 3 months.

End-stage kidney failure where the kidneys can no longer sustain life.

A build-up of waste products in the blood, leading to various symptoms like metallic taste, nausea, and muscle cramps.

Sodium retention leading to high sodium levels in the blood (hypernatremia).

Heart failure, high blood pressure, and other cardiovascular complications related to kidney disease.

Anemia, low iron and folic acid levels, and impaired immunity.

Uremic fetor (bad breath), mouth sores, and gastrointestinal issues like ulcers.

Muscle weakness, bone pain, and an increased risk of fractures.

Manage fluid volume and prevent fluid overload by monitoring for signs like edema, rapid breathing, and bounding pulse.

Limit sodium, protein, potassium, and phosphorus intake. Educate patients about phosphate binders and calcium supplementation.

A procedure that removes excess fluids and waste products from the blood using a machine.

Coordinate medication administration, assess vascular access, and monitor for complications like hypotension, disequilibrium syndrome, and cardiac events.

A surgically created connection between an artery and a vein in the arm, used for hemodialysis access.

Maintain aseptic technique, ensure access site is patent, monitor for infection, and avoid taking blood pressure on that arm.

A procedure where a sterile solution (dialysate) is infused into the peritoneal cavity and then drained, removing waste products.

Monitor vital signs, use aseptic technique, assess for respiratory distress, and carefully monitor inflow and outflow of dialysate.

Inflammation of the pancreas, causing severe, constant pain in the abdomen, nausea, and vomiting.

CT scan, elevated white blood cell count, elevated amylase and lipase levels.

Maintain airway and circulation, manage pain, provide IV fluids, and monitor for complications like shock, paralytic ileus, and respiratory distress.

Long-term inflammation of the pancreas, characterized by periods of remission and exacerbation. The most common cause is alcoholism.

Provide pain management, nutritional support, and teach patients about pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy and dietary modifications.

Irreversible scarring of the liver, leading to impaired liver function and potentially life-threatening complications.

Fatigue, weight loss, enlarged liver, ascites, jaundice, and other signs of liver dysfunction.

Prevent complications like bleeding from esophageal varices, manage ascites, and address cognitive impairment related to hepatic encephalopathy.