IS LEC Q5 practice questions

New growth of cells that doesn't normally induce tissue multiplication.

Slow-growing, localized tumor, not usually fatal.

Rapid or slow-growing tumor with spread and potential to cause death.

Malignant tumor that can spread throughout the body.

Abnormal cell mass, sometimes benign, sometimes malignant.

Study of how tumor cells behave, grow, and interact with the body.

Unique proteins on tumor cells recognized by the immune system.

Signs that show the body's immune system is fighting the tumor.

A protein marker associated with pheochromocytoma.

A marker for squamous cell carcinoma of the lung.

A hormone linked to adrenal or pituitary cancer.

Biochemical markers associated with pheochromocytoma.

A marker for small cell lung cancer.

A protein found in leukemia.

A protein linked to acute myelocytic leukemia.

A marker for choriocarcinoma.

The immune system's constant monitoring of the body for cancer cells and their elimination before they become a threat.

Natural defenses that act quickly to kill tumor cells, including NK cells and macrophages.

Targeted and specific immune responses that eliminate tumor cells, involving CTLs, dendritic cells, cytokines, and antibodies.

Treatment that uses the body's own immune system to fight cancer.

Stimulating the patient's immune system to respond to tumor antigens.

Administering components of the immune system to directly fight cancer cells.

Targeted antibodies that bind to specific cancer cell antigens, leading to their destruction.

Proteins that enhance the immune response, such as GM-CSF, IL-2, and IFN-a, used in passive immunotherapy to fight cancer.

A blood test used to detect antibodies against Salmonella typhi and paratyphi, indicating typhoid fever or past infection.

A somatic antigen found on the surface of Salmonella bacteria, indicating active or current typhoid infection.

A flagellar antigen found on Salmonella bacteria, suggesting past infection, recent immunizations, or exposure.

A Widal test result indicating a high concentration of antibodies, usually 1:80 or greater with at least +2 reaction.

Indicates paratyphoid fever caused by Salmonella paratyphi A or B.

Indicates a mixed infection of Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi.

A rapid diagnostic test for typhoid fever that detects IgM and IgG antibodies against the outer membrane protein (OMP) of Salmonella typhi.

A specific protein found on the outer membrane of Salmonella typhi, targeted by the Typhidot test.

The interaction between a host organism and microbes, such as bacteria. This can be symbiotic (beneficial to both), commensalistic (neutral), mutualistic (beneficial to both), or parasitic (harmful to the host).

The community of microbes (mostly bacteria) that normally live in a particular environment of the host, such as the gut. This community can be beneficial to host health.

Structures or molecules produced by bacteria that allow them to cause disease by evading the host's immune system, damaging tissues or causing disease directly.

Different parts of the immune system, like antibodies, white blood cells, and physical barriers, that work together to combat bacterial infections.

Methods used to identify bacterial infections in a lab, like culturing bacteria from samples or detecting specific bacterial components using serological or molecular techniques.

A type of bacteria that can cause various infections, such as strep throat, skin infections, and scarlet fever.

A type of bacteria that infects the stomach and is associated with gastritis, ulcers, and stomach cancer.

A type of bacteria that lacks a cell wall and causes atypical pneumonia, a lung infection.

Caused by a gram-negative bacterium that produces urease, leading to ulcers, gastric carcinoma, and MALT tumors.

Can be diagnosed through urease detection in biopsy tissue, the urea breath test, or ELISA for H. pylori antibodies.

Caused by tiny bacteria lacking a cell wall, known for causing respiratory infections like 'walking pneumonia'.

Diagnosed using serological assays for antibodies or PCR for bacterial DNA; cold agglutinins are present in about half of patients.

Obligate intracellular bacteria transmitted by arthropods, causing diseases like Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) and Typhus.

The gold standard for RMSF diagnosis is serological testing for antibodies using IFA.

Caused by Treponema pallidum, a spirochete bacterium, and transmitted through sexual contact.

Caused by Borrelia burgdorferi, a spirochete bacterium, transmitted through tick bites.