Zhang Heng's Innovations in Astronomy and Science

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Questions and Answers

What distinguishes Zhang Heng's calculation of $\pi$ from earlier Chinese formulas?

  • It showcased an improved calculation of $\pi$ compared to earlier methods. (correct)
  • It used a novel approach based on astronomical observations.
  • It was the first calculation of $\pi$ recorded in Chinese history.
  • It was less accurate compared to existing calculations from that time.

Before his appointment as chief astronomer, what was Zhang Heng primarily known for?

  • His engineering inventions.
  • His work in mathematics.
  • His detailed star catalogs.
  • His literary achievements. (correct)

What fundamental concept underpinned Zhang Heng's model of the universe, as articulated in his treatise?

  • A geocentric model with a flat Earth.
  • The universe expanded, originating from a single point.
  • A heliocentric model with planets orbiting the sun.
  • The universe consists of planets and celestial objects that are spherical. (correct)

Which of the following statements accurately describes the core principle behind Zhang Heng's seismoscope?

<p>It used a dropping ball mechanism to indicate the direction of an earthquake. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was innovative about Zhang Heng's armillary sphere compared to previous astronomical instruments?

<p>It was powered by water, providing a dynamic representation of celestial movements. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might Zhang Heng's quote comparing the sky to an egg and Earth to its yolk be considered significant?

<p>It illustrated the geocentric view with Earth at the center. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the estimated number of smaller stars according to Zhang Heng's astronomical records?

<p>11,250. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following highlights a unique discovery made by Zhang Heng about celestial bodies?

<p>Celestial bodies reflected light from the Sun. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the seismoscope communicate the occurrence of an earthquake?

<p>By a distinct sound made when a ball dropped. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Aside from science, engineering and mathematics, what other accomplishments did Zhang Heng achieve?

<p>He was an accomplished artist and writer. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Zhang Heng

An ancient Chinese astronomer, inventor, and mathematician active around 120 CE.

Career Change

Transition from writing to studying science before 108 CE after achieving fame.

Chief Astronomer

Zhang Heng was appointed as the chief astronomer at the Chinese imperial court in 115 CE.

Spherical Universe Theory

Published a theory in 120 CE proposing the universe and planets have a spherical structure.

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Value of Pi

Zhang Heng accurately calculated the value of pi as 3.162 around 130 CE.

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Seismoscope

An invention by Zhang Heng in 132 CE used to detect and record earthquakes.

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Celestial Observations

Zhang recorded stars and planets, noting they reflect light rather than emit it.

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Armillary Sphere

A water-powered model designed by Zhang Heng to demonstrate the night sky's movements.

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Nonmagnetic Compass

An early compass invented by Zhang Heng that did not rely on magnetic properties.

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Zhang Heng's Quote

He compared the sky to a hen's egg and Earth to its yolk, illustrating their relationship.

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