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Questions and Answers
Which deity's responsibilities included both presiding over marriage and consistently persecuting Zeus's extramarital partners?
Which deity's responsibilities included both presiding over marriage and consistently persecuting Zeus's extramarital partners?
- Hestia (Vesta)
- Aphrodite (Venus)
- Athena (Minerva)
- Hera (Juno) (correct)
Which of the following gods was known for being the protector of civilized life, handicrafts, and agriculture, embodying wisdom, reason, and purity?
Which of the following gods was known for being the protector of civilized life, handicrafts, and agriculture, embodying wisdom, reason, and purity?
- Apollo
- Hermes (Mercury)
- Athena (Minerva) (correct)
- Ares (Mars)
If a city sought to establish a new public hearth during colonization, from which source would they obtain the sacred coals?
If a city sought to establish a new public hearth during colonization, from which source would they obtain the sacred coals?
- A local volcano, believed to be the forge of Hephaestus (Vulcan)
- The mother city's hearth dedicated to Hestia (Vesta) (correct)
- A neighboring, allied city
- The ruling monarch's personal dwelling
Which god was known for being the master musician, archer-god, healer, and god of light and truth?
Which god was known for being the master musician, archer-god, healer, and god of light and truth?
Which deity's symbols include the cow and the peacock, and who is associated with the city of Argos?
Which deity's symbols include the cow and the peacock, and who is associated with the city of Argos?
Which god was known as the 'Earth-shaker' and is often depicted carrying a trident?
Which god was known as the 'Earth-shaker' and is often depicted carrying a trident?
Which of the following gods is most closely associated with volcanoes due to his role as the divine armorer and smith?
Which of the following gods is most closely associated with volcanoes due to his role as the divine armorer and smith?
Which of these gods is known as the guide of the dead and the god of commerce and the market?
Which of these gods is known as the guide of the dead and the god of commerce and the market?
Which goddess is known as the Lady of Wild Things and is often associated with the moon?
Which goddess is known as the Lady of Wild Things and is often associated with the moon?
If someone wanted to seek guidance through an oracle, to which god would they most likely go?
If someone wanted to seek guidance through an oracle, to which god would they most likely go?
Which god is often depicted with winged sandals and a winged hat?
Which god is often depicted with winged sandals and a winged hat?
If a Greek hero were embarking on a quest and needed divine protection, which goddess would be most likely to offer assistance?
If a Greek hero were embarking on a quest and needed divine protection, which goddess would be most likely to offer assistance?
Which god is known for his helmet of invisibility?
Which god is known for his helmet of invisibility?
Which goddess sprang fully formed and armored from Zeus’s head?
Which goddess sprang fully formed and armored from Zeus’s head?
Which god's attendants include Eris (Discord), Strife, and the Goddess of War Enyo (Bellona), along with Terror, Trembling, and Panic?
Which god's attendants include Eris (Discord), Strife, and the Goddess of War Enyo (Bellona), along with Terror, Trembling, and Panic?
Of the following deities, who is considered a virgin goddess?
Of the following deities, who is considered a virgin goddess?
Which of the Olympian gods was known to be both peace-loving and a patron of smiths?
Which of the Olympian gods was known to be both peace-loving and a patron of smiths?
In contrast to the Greek view, which civilization regarded the god of war more favorably?
In contrast to the Greek view, which civilization regarded the god of war more favorably?
Which deity's sacred objects include the aegis and thunderbolt, often associated with protection and power?
Which deity's sacred objects include the aegis and thunderbolt, often associated with protection and power?
Which of the following gods is said to have given the first horse to humankind?
Which of the following gods is said to have given the first horse to humankind?
Flashcards
Zeus (Jupiter)
Zeus (Jupiter)
Chief god, Lord of the Sky, Rain-god, known for love affairs and wielding the thunderbolt.
Poseidon (Neptune)
Poseidon (Neptune)
Ruler of the sea. Known as 'Earth-shaker'. Gave the first horse to man and carries a trident.
Hades (Pluto)
Hades (Pluto)
Ruler of the underworld and the dead, also known as the God of Wealth. Possesses a helmet of invisibility.
Hestia (Vesta)
Hestia (Vesta)
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Hera (Juno)
Hera (Juno)
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Ares (Mars)
Ares (Mars)
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Athena (Minerva)
Athena (Minerva)
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Apollo
Apollo
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Aphrodite (Venus)
Aphrodite (Venus)
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Hermes (Mercury)
Hermes (Mercury)
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Artemis (Diana)
Artemis (Diana)
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Hephaestus (Vulcan)
Hephaestus (Vulcan)
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Study Notes
Zeus (Jupiter)
- Chief deity, Lord of the Sky, Rain-god, and Cloud-gatherer
- Wielded the thunderbolt
- Power surpassed all other gods, but not omnipotent or omniscient
- Could be opposed or deceived
- Known for love affairs
- Demanded sacrifices and right action
- Aegis was his breastplate
- Eagle was his bird and oak was his tree
- Oracle at Dodona
- Brothers: Poseidon and Hades
- Sisters: Hestia and Hera (also his wife)
- Father of Ares, Athena, Apollo, Aphrodite (in some accounts), Hermes, and Artemis
Poseidon (Neptune)
- Ruler of the sea and brother of Zeus
- Second in eminence
- Gave the first horse to man
- Controlled storms and calm
- Called "Earth-shaker"
- Carried a trident
- Wife: Amphitrite
- Brother of Zeus and Hades
- Father of Triton and sometimes Proteus
Hades (Pluto)
- Ruler of the underworld and the dead, brother of Zeus
- Also called Pluto, the God of Wealth
- Possessed a helmet of invisibility
- Rarely left his realm
- Unpitying, inexorable, but just
- Wife: Persephone
- Brother of Zeus and Poseidon
Hestia (Vesta)
- Goddess of the Hearth, sister of Zeus, and a virgin goddess
- No distinct personality and played no part in myths
- Offerings made at the beginning and end of every meal
- Each city had a public hearth sacred to her
- Colonists carried coals from the mother city's hearth to start new fires
- Fire tended by six Vestal Virgins in Rome
- Sister of Zeus, Poseidon, and Hades
Hera (Juno)
- Wife and sister of Zeus, protector of marriage and married women
- Brought up by the Titans Ocean and Tethys
- Often depicted punishing Zeus’s lovers
- Protector of heroes in the Quest of the Golden Fleece
- Cow and peacock were sacred to her, and Argos was her favorite city
- Wife and sister of Zeus and sister of Poseidon, Hades, and Hestia
- Mother of Ares and sometimes sole parent of Hephaestus
Ares (Mars)
- God of War, son of Zeus and Hera
- Detested by his parents in the Iliad
- Portrayed as murderous, bloodstained, and cowardly
- Attendants included Eris (Discord), Strife, Enyo (Bellona), Terror, Trembling, and Panic
- Romans viewed Mars more favorably
- Son of Zeus and Hera and brother of Hephaestus (in some accounts)
Athena (Minerva)
- Goddess of the City, protector of civilized life, handicrafts, and agriculture
- Inventor of the bridle
- Sprang fully formed and armored from Zeus’s head
- Fierce battle-goddess in the Iliad but elsewhere defended the state and home
- Zeus’s favorite child; carried the aegis and thunderbolt
- Virgin goddess, embodiment of wisdom, reason, and purity
- Athens was her city, the olive her tree, and the owl her bird
- Daughter of Zeus alone
Apollo
- Master musician, lord of the silver bow, Archer-god, Healer, God of Light, and God of Truth
- Son of Zeus and Leto, born in Delos
- Oracle at Delphi
- Called Delian and Pythian
- Phoebus means “brilliant” or “shining”
- Associated with the Sun-god Helios
- Beneficent power and a link between gods and men
- Laurel was his tree, the dolphin and crow were sacred to him
- Son of Zeus and Leto and twin brother of Artemis
Aphrodite (Venus)
- Goddess of Love and Beauty
- In the Iliad, daughter of Zeus and Dione, but later said to have sprung from sea foam
- Cythera and Cyprus were sacred to her
- Often depicted as treacherous and malicious
- Wife of Hephaestus in most stories
- Myrtle was her tree, and the dove, sparrow, and swan were her birds
- Companion (and in later accounts, son) was Eros (Cupid)
Hermes (Mercury)
- Zeus’s Messenger, the shrewdest and most cunning god, Master Thief, God of Commerce and the Market, and guide of the dead
- Son of Zeus and Maia
- Had winged sandals and a winged hat and carried the Caduceus
- Invented the lyre
- Son of Zeus and Maia and sometimes said to be the father of Silenus, while Pan is his son
Artemis (Diana)
- Lady of Wild Things, Huntsman-in-chief to the gods, associated with the Moon
- Daughter of Zeus and Leto, twin sister of Apollo
- One of the three maiden goddesses
- Protectress of youth and a fierce, vengeful deity
- Identified with Hecate, goddess of the dark moon and crossroads
- Cypress was sacred to her, especially the deer
- Daughter of Zeus and Leto and twin sister of Apollo
Hephaestus (Vulcan and Mulciber)
- God of Fire, the workman of the immortals, their armorer and smith
- Sometimes son of Zeus and Hera, sometimes of Hera alone
- Only ugly and lame immortal
- Crafted dwellings, furnishings, and weapons for the gods
- Forge later associated with volcanoes
- Wife was one of the Graces (Aglaia) or Aphrodite
- Kindly, peace-loving god and patron of smiths
- Sometimes said to be the son of Zeus and Hera or Hera alone and the husband of one of the Graces or Aphrodite
- Brother of Ares (in some accounts)
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