Zeus A. Salazar and Filipino Psychology

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Questions and Answers

What is the more appropriate translation of 'hiya' according to the content?

Social obligation

Sense of propriety (correct)

Sense of duty

Fear of shame

Which psychologist first analyzed 'bahala na' and compared it with American fatalism?

Bostrom (correct)

Zeus A. Salazar

Lagmay

Thomas Andres

Which of the following best describes 'bahala na' from the perspective of Lagmay?

Irresponsibility

Passive acceptance

Fatalism

Determination and risk-taking (correct)

What does 'Utang na Loob' primarily represent according to Thomas Andres?

Debt of gratitude Signup and view all the answers

Carmen Santiago's articles introduced which approach in her study on 'pagkalalaki'?

Pakapa-kapa ('groping') Signup and view all the answers

How is 'bahala na' characterized in the context of Filipino values?

Letting circumstances take care of themselves Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following options does NOT align with the characteristics of Filipino values?

Individualistic tendencies Signup and view all the answers

Zeus A. Salazar is known for founding which organization?

Pambansang Samahan ng Sikolohiyang Pilipino Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'Pakikisama' primarily refer to in Filipino culture?

Conformity and maintaining relationships Signup and view all the answers

How is Pakikipagkapwa best defined?

Treating others as fellow human beings Signup and view all the answers

What is one aspect of Pakikisama observed in the workplace?

Unity among officemates for task tracking Signup and view all the answers

Which statement reflects a consequence of lacking the value of Pakikisama in the Philippines?

Social disconnection and missed developmental opportunities Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes utang na loob?

A forced obligation to return favors with interest Signup and view all the answers

What role does Pakikipagkapwa play in community relations?

Strengthens feelings of shared identity and connection Signup and view all the answers

Which scenario exemplifies the value of Pakikisama among youth?

Friends choosing activities based on group consensus Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a characteristic of Pakikipagkapwa?

Isolation from others' feelings and perspectives Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary distinction between 'personhood' and 'personality' in Filipino psychology?

'Personhood' emphasizes the shared humanity of a culture, while 'personality' pertains to individual differences. Signup and view all the answers

Which suffix indicates a state or quality shared among many, according to the content?

hood Signup and view all the answers

How does Sikolohiyang Pilipino (Kapwa Psychology) integrate different perspectives?

It combines folk practices with contemporary psychological concepts. Signup and view all the answers

What does the core value of 'Pakikipagkapwa' signify in Filipino psychology?

The notion of a shared identity that encompasses others. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the view of Kapwa Psychology towards indigenous and modern psychological practices?

They can coexist harmoniously without contradictions. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the Filipino personality theory, which word aligns with individualized characteristics?

Personality Signup and view all the answers

What action does Kapwa Psychology encourage among scholars and students?

To engage with villagers and apply learned knowledge in practice. Signup and view all the answers

Which term is used to encapsulate the essence of common human experiences in Filipino psychology?

Pagkatao Signup and view all the answers

What does the Tagalog term 'Kapwa' primarily express?

Connection and shared humanity Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following pairs represents examples of internality and externality?

Dama and damdam Signup and view all the answers

What cultural divide is highlighted among Filipinos?

Mass-oriented vs elitist viewpoints Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'bakya' signify in Filipino culture?

Lack of sophistication and mass culture Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic is emphasized in Virgilio Enriquez's theory of Filipino personhood?

Behavior and ethics over social status Signup and view all the answers

In what year did Virgilio Enriquez propose his personality theory based on Filipino culture?

1989 Signup and view all the answers

How does the elite class in Filipino culture typically communicate?

In a combination of English and French Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of Filipino identity does 'Pagkataong Filipino' relate to?

The value system of Asian personality Signup and view all the answers

What is the main interpretation of 'Bahala Na' within Filipino culture?

A value that promotes resourcefulness and creativity Signup and view all the answers

How does Alfre Lagmay describe the relationship between 'Bahala Na' and action?

It encourages perseverance and hard work Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best captures the essence of 'Bahala Na' in the context of risk-taking?

A challenge to act despite potential failure Signup and view all the answers

What fundamental aspect of Filipino culture does 'Bahala Na' reflect according to the text?

An improvisatory skill developed from adaptability Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements contrasts with the concept of 'Bahala Na'?

It is associated with a sense of fatalism Signup and view all the answers

In which context did Lagmay place the origins of 'Bahala Na'?

A social structure requiring adaptability to change Signup and view all the answers

How does 'Bahala Na' differ from the mindset of 'sigurista'?

It embraces flexibility and improvisation Signup and view all the answers

What underlying belief does 'Bahala' convey in Filipino tradition?

A spiritual connection to higher powers or deities Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Filipino Psychological Contributions and Concepts

Zeus A. Salazar was a significant figure in Filipino psychology, founding the Pambansang Samahan ng Sikolohiyang Pilipino.
Salazar introduced concepts such as "hiya," which he described as having both internal and external aspects, and proposed "sense of propriety" as its closest English equivalent.
Carmen Santiago, a psychology postgraduate, studied "pagkalalaki" and introduced the pakapa-kapa ("groping") approach in her writings.
Bostrom (1968) compared the Filipino value Bahala na to American fatalism, marking a pivotal analysis in psychology.
Thomas Andres defined "bahala na" as a Filipino attitude of accepting problems while leaving the outcome to God, linking it to fatalistic resignation.
Lagmay challenged the notion of "bahala na" as fatalism, arguing it embodies determination and risk-taking.

Core Filipino Values

Filipino Values reflect cultural beliefs cultivated through historical experiences, guiding social interactions and understanding of issues.
"Bahala na" represents a belief in letting circumstances unfold, often viewed as fatalistic but interpreted as trusting divine providence by some.
Utang na Loob emphasizes gratitude and reciprocity in relationships, contrasting with superficial gratitude practices.

Pakikisama promotes smooth interpersonal relations and conformity, showcasing Filipinos' preference for maintaining group harmony.
In a professional context, pakikisama manifests in collaborative work environments that prioritize collective responsibility.
Pakikipagkapwa, described by Enriquez, stresses the importance of recognizing shared humanity, fostering deeper connections and responsibilities within communities.

Cultural Divides and Identity

A cultural divide exists between mass-oriented Filipinos and the elite, differing in lifestyles, language, and social practices.
Kapwa serves as a foundation for social connections, emphasizing our shared humanity and mutual recognition beyond social class distinctions.

Filipino Personhood Theory

Virgilio Enriquez introduced a personality theory based on Filipino values and social identity, distinguishing between "personhood" and "personality."
Pagkatao (personhood) highlights our communal and collective identity, which is contextually richer than personality, an individualistic concept.

Kapwa Psychology: Core Values

Kapwa Psychology, or Sikolohiyang Pilipino, integrates indigenous beliefs with modern psychological theories, emphasizing the need for social action.
Pakikipagkapwa promotes a "shared self," facilitating empathy and appropriate social responses.
Bahala na is reinterpreted as a statement of trust and determination, driving resourcefulness in challenging situations, rather than simple fatalism.

Resilience and Adaptation

Lagmay recognized "Bahala na" as a motivational force encouraging risk-taking and adaptability in the turbulent Filipino environment.
This mindset fosters resilience and creativity, empowering individuals to navigate through challenges and unpredictability effectively.

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Description

This quiz explores the contributions of Zeus A. Salazar, a pivotal figure in Filipino psychology and the founder of Pambansang Samahan ng Sikolohiyang Pilipino. It delves into his theories on affixation and the concept of 'hiya' or sense of propriety. Test your knowledge on his life, works, and significant impact on the field.