2.4 – Social Engineering - Zero-Day Attacks

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Because they primarily affect outdated operating systems no longer in use.
Because no mitigations exist until the vulnerability is discovered and analyzed. (correct)
Because they are always associated with a CVSS score of 10.
Because patches are immediately available upon discovery, but take a long time to implement.

Attackers disclose vulnerabilities to the public, while researchers keep them secret.
Attackers exploit vulnerabilities for personal gain, while researchers inform manufacturers for remediation. (correct)
Attackers use the CVE database, while researchers do not rely on it.
Attackers create patches for vulnerabilities, while researchers focus on discovering new ones.

To provide a platform for attackers to share and trade zero-day exploits.
To offer cybersecurity training courses and certifications.
To track the financial losses caused by cyberattacks.
To serve as a repository of known vulnerabilities in software and operating systems. (correct)

It was a remote code execution vulnerability present in the Log4j service. (C) Signup and view all the answers

The severity and impact of the vulnerability. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Because it was present in a widely used logging service and allowed remote code execution. (D) Signup and view all the answers

It highlights the complexity of modern software and the potential for long-undetected flaws. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Monitor the CVE database for updates and apply patches as soon as they become available. (B) Signup and view all the answers

It allowed attackers to execute arbitrary code remotely on the servers. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Even widely used and scrutinized software can contain significant, long-lasting vulnerabilities. (B) Signup and view all the answers

A vulnerability that is unknown to the software vendor.

A database that tracks identified vulnerabilities and their related applications.

A logging service written in Java, often included with Apache web servers, that had a significant zero-day vulnerability.

A score between 0 and 10 that indicates the severity of a vulnerability.

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Attackers seek vulnerabilities before manufacturers to exploit for gain.

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Researchers hunt for vulnerabilities to inform manufacturers and improve security.

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Operating systems and applications may contain undetected security vulnerabilities.
Attackers seek these vulnerabilities for malicious purposes.
Researchers aim to discover vulnerabilities to inform manufacturers.

A zero-day vulnerability is a previously unidentified vulnerability.
No patches or mitigations exist when a zero-day vulnerability is discovered.
The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) database tracks known vulnerabilities: cve.mitre.org.

On December 9, 2021, a significant zero-day vulnerability in the Log4j service was announced.
This vulnerability allowed remote code execution.
Log4j is a Java-based logging service commonly used with Apache web servers.
The vulnerability had been present in the code since September 14, 2013.

The CVSS score rates the severity of vulnerabilities from 0 to 10.
0 indicates no problem, and 10 is the most severe vulnerability.
The Log4j vulnerability had a CVSS score of 10.0, or critical.
Patches were available on December 14, 2021, five days after the announcement.
Further patching was required on December 17 due to additional vulnerabilities found in Log4j.