44 Questions
What is the function of the pneumotaxic area?
Helps in rhythm regulation of the inspiratory area
Where is the medullary rhythmicity area located?
In the medulla oblongata
Where are the peripheral chemoreceptors located?
Aortic bodies and carotid bodies
What is the function of the inflation (Hering-Breuer) reflex?
Protective mechanism
What is the role of the respiratory system in homeostasis?
Maintaining blood pH within a narrow range
How do the body's cells use oxygen?
To release energy from nutrient molecules
In the cooperation between the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, what is the specific role of the respiratory system?
Eliminating CO2 and supplying O2 for gas exchange
What happens when large amounts of CO2 are produced by metabolic reactions?
Blood pH becomes more acidic
What is the average pH of body fluids in a healthy individual?
7.40
How does the respiratory system contribute to the production of ATP?
By providing for the exchange of gases between the atmosphere and blood
Which cellular process is known to consume O2 and produce CO2?
Krebs cycle
What is the volume of air remaining in the lungs that cannot be measured?
Residual Volume
What is the process of gas exchange between the alveoli of the lungs and the blood in pulmonary capillaries called?
External respiration
Where does the exchange of O2 and CO2 between the air spaces in the lungs and the blood take place?
In the alveolar walls
What is the primary function of alveolar macrophages?
Phagocytosis of dust particles
What causes air to flow into the lungs during inhalation?
Decrease in alveolar pressure
What is the main function of bronchial arteries?
Perfuse the muscular walls of bronchi and bronchioles
What is the total lung capacity for an average adult male?
$6000$ mL
Which gas law states that each gas in a mixture of gases exerts its own pressure as if no other gases are present?
Dalton's Law
What is the additional amount of air taken by a deep breath called?
Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
What is considered an active process during pulmonary ventilation?
Inhalation
What does minute ventilation (MV) represent?
Total air inhaled and exhaled per minute
Which of the following best describes Henry's Law?
The quantity of a gas that will dissolve in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas and its solubility.
In which body fluid does a gas stay in solution more effectively when its partial pressure is higher?
Blood plasma
Why is much more CO2 dissolved in blood plasma compared to O2?
CO2 has a higher solubility in water than O2.
Where does external respiration take place?
Alveoli of the lungs
What is the most important factor that determines how much O2 binds to hemoglobin?
Partial pressure of O2 (PO2)
When does hemoglobin become fully saturated with O2?
When PO2 is low
How does an increase in acidity affect the affinity of hemoglobin for O2?
It decreases the affinity for O2
What happens to the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve when PCO2 increases?
It shifts to the right
What happens to the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve when temperature increases?
It shifts to the right
What is the substrate found in RBC that decreases the affinity of hemoglobin for O2 and helps unload O2 from hemoglobin?
3-bisphosphoglycerate (BPG)
What percentage of CO2 is transported in blood plasma as bicarbonate ions?
70%
Where are clusters of neurons located that send nerve impulses for altering the size of the thorax?
Medulla oblongata and pons
Which of the following structures is considered part of the Lower Respiratory System?
Terminal Bronchioles
What is the main function of the epiglottis during swallowing?
Preventing food from entering the larynx
Which type of epithelial cells is considered the main site for gas exchange in the alveoli?
Simple squamous epithelial cells
Which of the following structures is composed of nine pieces of cartilage?
Thyroid Cartilage (Adam’s Apple)
What is the function of the conducting zone in the respiratory system?
Filter, warm, and moisten air and conduct it into the lungs
What is the main function of the trachea in the respiratory system?
Conduct air into the lungs
What happens to the plates of cartilage as the bronchial structure changes?
They gradually disappear in the distal bronchioles.
What is the function of Type II Alveolar Cells in the alveoli?
Secrete alveolar fluid to keep surface between cells and air moist.
Which structure forms a lid over the glottis during swallowing?
Epiglottis
Where is the trachea located in relation to the esophagus?
Anterior to the esophagus
Test your knowledge of the respiratory system with this quiz covering alveolar walls, alveolar macrophages, gas exchange, and the respiratory membrane. Explore concepts related to the diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide across the lungs and blood.
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