CORREL_Structural Systems

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Questions and Answers

It measures the consistency of the concrete, usually at the jobsite. In this test, concrete is placed in a 300 mm high truncated cone and compacted by hand with a rod and the mold is removed from the concrete and placed next to it. The distance the concrete goes down from the original 300 mm is the measured. Too great the settlements indicate excessive water, and a very small settlement indicates the mixture will be too difficult to place properly.

  • Wash Test
  • Sieve Test
  • Workability Test
  • Slump Test (correct)

A #8 rebar is reinforcement steel with a nominal diameter of ___.

  • 25mm (correct)
  • 28mm
  • 30mm
  • 18mm

Made from materials which must contain the proper proportions of lime, silica, alumina and iron components. Four parts of limestone to one part clay are the basic ingredients. These are mixed, burned and pulverized.

  • Hi-Grade Cement
  • Cementitious Materials
  • Pozzolan Cement
  • Portland Cement (correct)

A reinforcing steel of grade 60 has yield strength of ____ Mpa?

<p>414 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

As per Section 5.3.3 of NSCP, the nominal maximum sizes of coarse aggregate should be greater than ____ the narrowest dimension between sides of forms.

<p>1/5 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

As per Section 5.3.3 of NSCP, the nominal maximum sizes of coarse aggregate should be greater than ____ the depth of slabs.

<p>1/3 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following properties of aggregates has the LEAST influence to the quality of concrete?

<p>color, texture, and shape of the aggregates (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following nominal bar diameters is NOT available in the market?

<p>23mm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The maximum usable strain for concrete is ___.

<p>0.003 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

High workability in concrete mix is observed when the slump value is __.

<p>6” (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The maximum number or rebar in a bundled bar.

<p>4 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based from NSCP 2010, the load factors for dead and live loads are

<p>1.2 &amp; 1.6 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

It refers to the occupancy load which is either partially or fully in place or may not be present at all.

<p>Live load (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following criteria for bundled bars, do NOT apply?

<p>Bars larger than 36 mm shall not be bundled in beams (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum concrete cover in mm as per NSCP on concrete cast against and permanently exposed to earth?

<p>75 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The minimum clear spacing between parallel bars in a layer must be db but not less than? (NSCP 407.7.3)

<p>25 mm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The function of the admixture is to delay or extend the setting time of the cement paste in concrete. Usually used in very hot weather where hydration is accelerated by the heat, and leads the concrete to crack. This is also used for transit mix concrete that has to be hauled in long distance to ensure that it reaches its destination in a plastic and placeable condition.

<p>Retarder (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Concrete can be considered to be an artificial stone made by binding together particles of some inert material with a paste made of cement and water. These inert material of sand , crushed stone, burnt clay are called

<p>Aggregate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

It is the process in which the concrete is protected from loss of moisture and kept within a reasonable temperature range. The result of this process is increased strength and decreased permeability. It is also a key player in mitigating cracks in the concrete, which severely impacts durability.

<p>Curing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The minimum uniform live load for residential occupancy as per NSCP is ___.

<p>2.0 KPa (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Reinforced concrete is a structural material that is a hardened mixture of cement, water, aggregates, admixtures and what other material?

<p>Structural steel (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following values can be used as a concrete cover for the primary reinforcement of cast-in-place concrete (non-prestressed) beams as per NSCP?

<p>40mm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In its cracked stage, concrete has exhibited what characteristic?

<p>Brittleness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An admixture which is used to speed up the initial set of concrete (early removal of forms).

<p>Accelerators (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

It is a test that measures compressive strength. As the concrete is being placed, samples are put in cylinder molds, 150 mm in diameter and 300 mm high, and are moist-cured for 28 days at which time they are laboratory-tested according to standardized procedures. (usually tested in 7 days).

<p>Cylinder Test (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a property of hardened hydraulic cement concrete?

<p>workability (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What will happen to the concrete strength if the water-to-cement ratio decreases?

<p>Concrete strength increases, porosity decreases, solid-to-space ratio increases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following basic assumption/s for the design of a reinforced concrete beam against flexure or bending is/are TRUE? I. Design loads should be greater than or equal to actual loads II. Factored moments should be greater than or equal to actual moments

<p>both I and II (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Development length or the development of a required length of rebar is provided in a reinforced concrete beam is for what major purpose?

<p>To allow the steel to reach its maximum strength and prevent slippage of bars (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the strength design method (NSCP 2001), the ultimate load is computed as:

<p>1.7LL + 1.4DL (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is important to protect the structural integrity of reinforcing bars?

<p>Concrete Cover (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The minimum reinforcement ratio provided by the code is taken ___ / fy.

<p>1.4 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The strength reduction factor for flexure is ___.

<p>0.9 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the condition where the tension steel strain reaches the yielding strain simultaneously with the concrete reaching the crushing strain which is usually 0.003?

<p>balanced strain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The value of ß1 if the 28th day compressive strength, fc’ is less than 30MPa.

<p>0.85 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The maximum reinforcement ratio provided by the code is taken ___% of Pbal.

<p>75 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following design methodology gives emphasis on the premise that the steel fails first while the concrete has not yet reached its allowable values?

<p>Under-reinforced design method (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Reinforcement ratio ρ (rho) is defined as

<p>Ratio of the area of steel reinforcement over concrete area (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

As per NSCP, what percentage of the balanced steel ratio is taken as the limiting value for the design of flexural members, the value of which assures that the reinforced concrete will have a ductile failure.

<p>75% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In USD beam section, the distance from the extreme compression fiber to the neutral axis is called ___.

<p>Effective depth (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Slab should be design as one-way slab if the ratio (m) of the shorter side over the longer side of the slab is ___.

<p>m&lt;0.5 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The strength reduction factor for shear is ___.

<p>0.85 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the tagalong term for stirrups?

<p>Anilyo (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The strength reduction factor for tied column is ___.

<p>0.7 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the max Vs (shear carried by the stirrups)?

<p>2/3 √f'c (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A concrete has a compressive strength fc’=60MPa. The value of ß1 will be ___.

<p>0.650 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many 25mm diameter main bars are needed if the required bottom steel reinforcement is 2400 mm²?

<p>5pcs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Using Sater’s formula, calculate the estimated 28-day compressive strength of concrete cylindrical sample if its 7-day strength is 12.5MPa.

<p>21.3 MPa (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Compute for the modulus of Elasticity in MPa of concrete with fc’=21MPa.

<p>21538 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A rectangular beam with a width of 200mm and effective depth of 320mm is designed to be reinforced for tension only with 4-16mm diameter rebars. If fc’=21MPa and fy-275MPa, compute the actual reinforcement ratio of the beam?

<p>0.0126 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A rectangular beam with a width of 250mm and effective depth of 350mm is designed to be reinforced for tension only. If fc’=21MPa and fy-275MPa, what is the reinforcement ratio required for a balanced condition?

<p>0.0378 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A reinforced concrete beam has a width of 300mm and an effective depth to the tension reinforcement of 618mm. If fc’=30MPa and fy=410MPa, design the steel reinforcement, As if the beam is to support an ultimate bending moment of 750KN-m.

<p>3974 mm² (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A 3m cantilever beam is to resist a service DL=25KN/m (self-weight included) and service LL=22KN/m. Given b=300mm, d=500mm, fc’=34MPa and fy=414MPa, using NSCP 2001.

Which of the following gives the minimum area of steel reinforcement as per NSCP in mm²?

<p>507.25 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A 3m cantilever beam is to resist a service DL=25KN/m (self-weight included) and service LL=22KN/m. Given b=300mm, d=500mm, fc’=34MPa and fy=414MPa, using NSCP 2001.

Which of the following gives the maximum area of steel reinforcement as per NSCP in mm²?

<p>3817 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A 3m cantilever beam is to resist a service DL=25KN/m (self-weight included) and service LL=22KN/m. Given b=300mm, d=500mm, fc’=34MPa and fy=414MPa, using NSCP 2001.

Which of the following gives the balanced area of steel reinforcement as per NSCP in mm²?

<p>5089 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A 3m cantilever beam is to resist a service DL=25KN/m (self-weight included) and service LL=22KN/m. Given b=300mm, d=500mm, fc’=34MPa and fy=414MPa, using NSCP 2001.

Which of the following gives the required area of steel reinforcement as per the given loads in mm²?

<p>3-30mmø (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A reinforced concrete rectangular beam 300 mm wide has an effective depth of 460 mm and is reinforced for tension only. Assuming f’c = 21 MPa and fy = 300 MPa.

Determine the area of steel in balanced condition?

<p>4653 mm² (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A reinforced concrete rectangular beam 300 mm wide has an effective depth of 460 mm and is reinforced for tension only. Assuming f’c = 21 MPa and fy = 300 MPa.

Determine the maximum area of steel?

<p>3490 mm² (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A reinforced concrete rectangular beam 300 mm wide has an effective depth of 460 mm and is reinforced for tension only. Assuming f’c = 21 MPa and fy = 300 MPa.

Determine the minimum area of steel?

<p>644 mm² (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A reinforced concrete rectangular beam 300 mm wide has an effective depth of 460 mm and is reinforced for tension only. Assuming f’c = 21 MPa and fy = 300 MPa.

Determine the required reinforcement ratio in x10-3 based on the ultimate moment of 25kN-m.

<p>1.477 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A reinforced concrete rectangular beam 300 mm wide has an effective depth of 460 mm and is reinforced for tension only. Assuming f’c = 21 MPa and fy = 300 MPa.

Determine the ultimate moment capacity of a rectangular beam having a width of 300mm and effective depth of 440mm and reinforced with 4-25mm diameter bars with fc’=20.7MPa and fy=414MPa.

<p>265.57 KN-m (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A rectangular beam section with b=250mm and d=550mm is reinforced with 4-25mm tension bars in one layer. Using fc’=27MPa, fy=275MPa, 8mm diameter stirrups and 25mm concrete cover.

Which of the following gives the section’s actual reinforcement ratio, ρ?

<p>0.0143 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A rectangular beam section with b=250mm and d=550mm is reinforced with 4-25mm tension bars in one layer. Using fc’=27MPa, fy=275MPa, 8mm diameter stirrups and 25mm concrete cover.

Based from the actual ρ calculated above, what kind of beam section was given?

<p>Under-reinforced design (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A rectangular beam section with b=250mm and d=550mm is reinforced with 4-25mm tension bars in one layer. Using fc’=27MPa, fy=275MPa, 8mm diameter stirrups and 25mm concrete cover.

Calculate the actual clear spacing between the four-25mm main bars of the given beam section?

<p>28mm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A rectangular beam section with b=250mm and d=550mm is reinforced with 4-25mm tension bars in one layer. Using fc’=27MPa, fy=275MPa, 8mm diameter stirrups and 25mm concrete cover.

If the beam has a simple span of 5m, calculate the maximum factored uniform load that it can carry?

<p>78KN/m (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A 6m simple rectangular beam carries a service dead load of 13.72KN/m (self-weight included) and service liveload of 13.44KN/m. The beam has an effective depth of 330 mm and base of 250 mm. If fc’ = 20.7MPa and fy = 275 MPa, use NSCP 2001 load factors.

Calculate the factored uniform load on beam in KN/m?

<p>42.06 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A 6m simple rectangular beam carries a service dead load of 13.72KN/m (self-weight included) and service liveload of 13.44KN/m. The beam has an effective depth of 330 mm and base of 250 mm. If fc’ = 20.7MPa and fy = 275 MPa, use NSCP 2001 load factors.

Calculate the factored shear force at the critical section of the beam in KN?

<p>112.29 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A 6m simple rectangular beam carries a service dead load of 13.72KN/m (self-weight included) and service liveload of 13.44KN/m. The beam has an effective depth of 330 mm and base of 250 mm. If fc’ = 20.7MPa and fy = 275 MPa, use NSCP 2001 load factors.

Calculate the shear strength provided by concrete in KN?

<p>62.56 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A 6m simple rectangular beam carries a service dead load of 13.72KN/m (self-weight included) and service liveload of 13.44KN/m. The beam has an effective depth of 330 mm and base of 250 mm. If fc’ = 20.7MPa and fy = 275 MPa, use NSCP 2001 load factors.

Calculate the shear strength to be provided by the stirrups in KN?

<p>69.55 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A 6m simple rectangular beam carries a service dead load of 13.72KN/m (self-weight included) and service liveload of 13.44KN/m. The beam has an effective depth of 330 mm and base of 250 mm. If fc’ = 20.7MPa and fy = 275 MPa, use NSCP 2001 load factors.

Calculate the required spacing of 10mm stirrups at the critical section of the beam in mm?

<p>200 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A square tied column carries an axial service dead load of 560KN and an axial service live load of 750KN. Using NSCP 2010 load factors, fc’=28MPa, fy=275MPa and 20mm diameter main bars.

Calculate the factored load of the column in KN?

<p>1872 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A square tied column carries an axial service dead load of 560KN and an axial service live load of 750KN. Using NSCP 2010 load factors, fc’=28MPa, fy=275MPa and 20mm diameter main bars.

Using a reinforcement ratio of 2%, calculate the minimum required dimension of the column?

<p>350 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A square tied column carries an axial service dead load of 560KN and an axial service live load of 750KN. Using NSCP 2010 load factors, fc’=28MPa, fy=275MPa and 20mm diameter main bars.

Calculate the required total area of main reinforcement needed in mm²?

<p>2450 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A square tied column carries an axial service dead load of 560KN and an axial service live load of 750KN. Using NSCP 2010 load factors, fc’=28MPa, fy=275MPa and 20mm diameter main bars.

How many 20mm diameter main bars are need in the column?

<p>8 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A square tied column carries an axial service dead load of 560KN and an axial service live load of 750KN. Using NSCP 2010 load factors, fc’=28MPa, fy=275MPa and 20mm diameter main bars.

Calculate the vertical spacing of 10mm diameter ties needed in the column?

<p>320 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit of stress in the SI system?

<p>Pascal (Pa) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Strain is the ratio of:

<p>Change in length to original length (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The modulus of elasticity (Young's modulus) E is the ratio of:

<p>Normal stress to normal strain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a material property that describes how a material resists deformation under an axial load?

<p>Young's modulus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In bending of a beam, the location of maximum tensile stress occurs:

<p>At the top fiber (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true for a material that follows Hooke's Law?

<p>Stress and strain are proportional only within the elastic limit (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a simply supported beam subjected to a uniform load, the maximum bending moment occurs at:

<p>At the mid-span (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For a circular shaft subjected to torsion, the maximum shear stress occurs:

<p>At the surface of the shaft (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the strain energy per unit volume that a material can absorb within its elastic limit?

<p>modulus of resilience (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do you call the stress at which a material begins to deform plastically?

<p>Yield strength (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by “The shear force in a beam is the internal force that resists bending”?

<p>Shear force resists shear deformation, while the bending moment resists bending. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is TRUE about stress?

<p>A &amp; B only (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of introducing a factor of safety in structural design?

<p>A &amp; C only (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is called the internal force per unit area that resists axial loading (tension or compression)?

<p>Axial stress (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning if for a given area, a circular cross-section has a larger moment of inertia than a square cross-section?

<p>it can resist bending more effectively (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a necessary condition for a structure to be in static equilibrium?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a simple beam, the shear force is zero at:

<p>At the mid-span (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The degree of indeterminacy of a structure refers to:

<p>The difference between the number of equations of equilibrium and the number of unknowns (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method is most commonly used to analyze structures with internal forces (like beams and frames)?

<p>Direct Stiffness Method (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a truss, which of the following members carry only axial forces (tension or compression) when subjected to loading?

<p>Diagonal members (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A redundant in a structure is:

<p>A member that is unnecessary for equilibrium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which type of analysis is virtual work commonly used?

<p>Deflection analysis in beams and structures (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The moment-curvature relationship is used to analyze:

<p>The relationship between bending stress and moment in a beam (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a cantilever beam subjected to a point load at the free end, the maximum deflection occurs:

<p>At the free end (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a constrained structure, the number of support reactions is:

<p>Greater than the number of unknowns (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Slump Test

A test to measure concrete consistency at the jobsite by measuring the settlement of a removed cone-shaped concrete sample.

#8 Rebar Diameter

#8 rebar has a nominal diameter of 25mm.

Portland Cement

A construction material made from lime, silica, alumina, and iron components, mixed, burned, and pulverized.

Grade 60 Steel Yield Strength

Grade 60 reinforcing steel has a yield strength of 414 MPa.

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Aggregate Size Limit (Forms)

Nominal maximum sizes of coarse aggregate should be greater than 1/5 the narrowest dimension between sides of forms.

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Aggregate Size Limit (Slabs)

Nominal maximum sizes of coarse aggregate should be greater than 1/3 the depth of slabs.

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Aggregate Properties (Least Influence)

These have the least influence to the quality of concrete.

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Non-standard Rebar Diameter

The following is not a standard rebar diameter.

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Maximum Usable Concrete Strain

The maximum usable strain for concrete is 0.003.

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High Workability Slump Value

High workability in concrete mix is typically observed when the slump value is 6”.

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Max Rebars in Bundled Bar

The maximum number of rebars allowed in a bundled bar is 4.

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NSCP Load Factors

Based from NSCP 2010, the load factors for dead and live loads are 1.2 & 1.6

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Live Load

Occupancy load which is either partially or fully in place or may not be present at all.

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Rebar Bundling (Limitations)

Bars larger than 36 mm shall not be bundled in beams.

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Concrete Cover (Exposed to Earth)

The minimum concrete cover on concrete cast against and permanently exposed to earth is 75 mm.

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Minimum Bar Spacing

The minimum clear spacing between parallel bars in a layer must be db but not less than 25 mm.

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Retarder

Admixture used to delay or extend the setting time of cement paste in concrete, especially in hot weather.

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Aggregate

Inert material such as sand, crushed stone, or burnt clay, bound together by cement and water in concrete.

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Curing

Protecting concrete from moisture loss and maintaining a reasonable temperature range to increase strength and decrease permeability.

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Residential Live Load

The minimum uniform live load for residential occupancy as per NSCP is 2.0 KPa.

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Reinforced Concrete

Hardened mixture of cement, water, aggregates, admixtures, and structural steel.

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Concrete Cover (Beams)

40mm concrete cover can be used for the primary reinforcement of cast-in-place concrete beams as per NSCP.

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Cracked Concrete Characteristic

In its cracked stage, concrete exhibits brittleness.

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Accelerators

An admixture used to speed up the initial set of concrete.

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Cylinder Test

A test where concrete samples in cylinder molds are moist-cured for 28 days, then laboratory-tested for compressive strength.

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Not a Hardened Concrete Property

Workability is not a property of hardened hydraulic cement concrete.

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Decreased Water-Cement Ratio Impact

Concrete strength increases, porosity decreases, solid-to-space ratio increases.

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Reinforced Concrete Beam Design Assumptions

Design loads should be greater than or equal to actual loads AND Factored moments should be greater than or equal to actual moments.

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Development Length Purpose

To allow the steel to reach its maximum strength and prevent slippage of bars.

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Protecting Rebars

Concrete Cover

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