Untitled Quiz 1 (hard

Foreign Builds X Details

• Great Pyramid of Giza: Constructed of limestone blocks and granite, it served as a royal tomb for a pharaoh.

• Stonehenge: A Neolithic era structure located in England, UK. Made of sarsen stones (a type of sandstone), it likely had a ritual or burial function.

• Colosseum: An ancient Roman amphitheater capable of holding up to 80,000 people. It was used for gladiatorial contests. Built with concrete and stone.

• Parthenon: A temple in Athens, Greece, built using a rectangular layout and marble. It showcases Doric pillars.

• Machu Picchu: An example of pre-Inca, Incan architecture in Peru, South America. Made of stone masonry and is known for its resistance to earthquakes.

• Wall of China: A defensive fortification composed of bricks and stones.

• Petra: A city in Jordan. Famous for its rock-cut architecture and the use of sandstone.

• Chichen Itza: A Maya pyramid in Mexico, constructed from limestone.

• Taj Mahal: An example of Mughal architecture in India. Constructed of white marble and pietra dura (inlay work using precious materials).

• Angkor Wat: A large Hindu temple complex in Cambodia, made of sandstone. It’s the largest religious temple.

Additional Structures (Page 2)

• Hagia Sophia: Byzantine architecture in Istanbul, utilized brick, mortar, and marble.

• Alhambra: Moorish Islamic architecture in Spain. Uses clay, wood, and stone.

• Notre Dame Cathedral: A Gothic structure along the Seine River in France, primarily constructed from limestone.

• St. Basil's Cathedral: A Byzantine structure in Moscow, Russia. Features brick, limestone, and plaster.

• Leaning Tower of Pisa: An example of Romanesque architecture, constructed of Carrara marble.

• Eiffel Tower: A wrought-iron lattice structure in Paris, France.

• Mount Saint-Michel: A French structure, showcasing Gothic and Romanesque arches, built from granite and limestone.

• Forbidden City: A large complex in China with Grand Halls, courtyards, and pavilions. Built with wood, bricks, and marbles.

• Sagrada Familia: An example of Art Nouveau architecture in Barcelona, Spain, predominantly utilizing stone, bricks, ceramic tiles, and stained glass.

• Westminster Abbey: A Gothic structure in London, built from limestone and sandstone.

• Brandenburg Gate: A neoclassical structure in Berlin, Germany, made of stones.

• Versailles Palace: An example of French Baroque architecture, located in France.

Additional Structures (Page 3)

• Buckingham Palace: A neoclassical structure in London, constructed from Portland stone and marble.

• Tower of London: Located in London, England, showcasing Kentish ragstone and Caen stone.

• Empire State Building: Built of steel framed, using granite and limestone. Located in New York.

• Statue of Liberty: A structural design with copper sheets built from iron framework in New York.

• Chrysler Building: A steel-framed building with a brick and limestone façade in New York.

• Golden Gate Bridge: An art deco style bridge in California.

• Sydney Opera House: A modernist structure in Australia. Made from concrete, glass, and ceramic tiles.

• Burj Khalifa: A modern structure in Dubai, utilizing concrete, steel, glass, and aluminum

• Petronas Towers: A post-modern structure in Malaysia utilizing concrete, steel, glass, and aluminum

• Willis Tower: A modernist building in the USA, built utilizing concrete, steel, and glass.

• Taipei 101: A post-modern structure utilizing concrete, steel, aluminum, and glass.

Additional Structures (Page 4)

• CN Tower: Modernist structure using reinforced concrete, steel, and glass. Located in Toronto, Canada.

• Lloyds Building: A high-tech expressionist structure, using steel and glass. Located in London, UK.

• Guggenheim Museum: Located in Bilbao, Spain, showcasing deconstructionism, using steel, titanium, and limestone.

• Walt Disney Concert Hall: A post-modern structure, built from stainless steel, titanium panels, and limestone. Located in California, USA.

• Louvre Museum: A renaissance structure, utilizing stone and glass

• One World Trade Center: A modernist structure, utilizing steel, reinforced concrete, glass and aluminum in New York, USA.

• Hearst Tower: A modernist structure that uses a mix, of old and modern architectural styles. Uses sandstone, granite, glass, and steel. Location in New York, USA.

• Pompidou Centre: A high tech structure in Paris, France, utilizing steel and glass.

• Fallingwater: An organic structure in Pennsylvania, USA, that utilized sandstone, concrete, and steel.

• Guggenheim Museum: A modernist structure that uses organic style, flowing lines, and concrete, and smooth white exterior in New York.

• Museum of Modern Art (MoMA): A modernist building in New York, exhibiting an example of transparency, using glass, concrete, and steel.

Additional Structures (Page 5)

• Milwaukee Art Museum: A modern and futuristic structure showcasing steel, concrete and glass.

• Lincoln Memorial: A neoclassical structure in Washington D.C., predominantly utilizing Yule marble (exterior) and Indiana limestone (interior).

• White House: A neoclassical structure in Washington D.C., constructed using Aquia Creek sandstone.

• Gateway Arch: A neoclassical structure in St. Louis, USA. Showing use of stainless steel and structural framework.

• The Pentagon: A structure in Arlington, VA featuring reinforced concrete, steel, limestone, and brick.

• Tokyo Tower: A tower in Tokyo, Japan, with a lattice steel structure.

• Burj Al Arab: A modern structure in Dubai. Utilizing concrete, steel, glass, and a special aluminum façade.

• Luxor Temple: An exceptionally large courtyard structure in Luxor, Egypt built from sandstone, pylon, hypostyle hall, large courtyard, utilized by ancient Egyptians

• Pompeii Ruins: An ancient structure in Naples, Italy, composed of locally sourced volcanic stone and bricks.

• Florence Cathedral: An example of Gothic and Renaissance architectural styles, using Carrara and Prato marble.

• Dome of the Rock: A Byzantine structure in Jerusalem. Built utilizing various design styles.

• Statue of Christ the Redeemer: An art deco structure in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Additional Structures (Page 6)

• Szechenyi Chain Bridge: A classicalist style structure across the Danube River in London. Uses stone and steel.

• 30 St Mary Axe: A modernist structure in London using steel and glass.

• Beijing National Stadium (Bird's Nest): A modern structure in Beijing, with impressive steel beams.

• Moshe Safdie - Habitat 67: A Brutalist structure in Quebec. Built using concrete.

• Louis Sullivan - Prudential Building: A steel framed structure utilized for the sky scraper model. Built using steel, and situated in New York.

• Shard: A glass-clad structure in London, utilizing glass for a majority of the building.

• The Baker House: A modernist structure in Massachusetts. Utilizing wood, concrete, and ceramic cladding.

• Oculus World Trade Center: A modern structure in New York. Utilizing steel, glass, and concrete.

• The Glass House: A minimalist structure in New York using glass and steel in a modernist style.

• Seagram Building: A modernist style using bronze and tinted glass in New York.

• United Nations Headquarters: A modernist building in New York, Utilizing steel, glass, concrete, and various other materials.

• London Aquatics Centre: A fluid geometric structure in London, UK.

Additional Structures (Page 7): Indian Architects

• B.V. Doshi: Known for low-cost housing and various architectural projects in India.

• Raj Rewal: Known for international conferences and institutes in India.

• Laurie Baker: Known for coffee house designs, and various other projects in Kerala, Tamil Nadu, and other Indian locations.

• Charles Correa: Known for his extensive work on various buildings throughout India. Utilizes multiple architectural styles.

• Rahul Mehrotra: Known for work and collaborations on various sites and locations in India.

• Le Corbusier: Known for the architectural style he helped build throughout India. This includes buildings, halls, and structures across multiple locations in India which showcase a variety of architectural styles.

Additional Structures (Page 8): Additional Structures

• Sanjay Puri: Known for their architectural designs and various buildings built in several Indian locations.

• Achyut Kanvinde: Known for their architectural styles which include, projects in several Indian locations showcasing a variety of styles. .

• Christopher Begginer: Known for designs in architecture focusing on India.

• Brinda Somaya: Known for the variety of buildings and projects located in India. Various architectural styles are present, from different locations.

• Bimal Patel: Known for several enterprises and development institutes across India.

• Anant Raje: Known for development centers built throughout India.

• Sheila Shri Prakash: Known for her architecture and collaboration projects in various locations across India.

• Anupama Kundoo: Known for their work and various locations across India.

• Hasmukh Bhai Patel: Known for several hotels and business projects across several city locations in India.

Additional Structures (Page 9): Additional Structures

• Hasmukh Bhai Patel: Known for several hotels and businesses located across several Indian cities..

• Fidai Khan: Known for their involvement with architecture in India. Worked on gardens.

• Eero Saarinen: Known as a Danish-American architect.

• J.A. Stein: Known for architectural work and buildings.

• Louis Kahn: Known for the work and design he's created across multiple locations across India..

• Minoru Yamasaki: Known for his architectural work on several locations in India, and throughout the world.

• C.P. Kukreja: Known for their architectural work and projects located in India.

• Fariborz Sahba: Known for architectural work in India.

• Hafiz Contractor: Known for working on buildings throughout India.

• K.T. Ravindran: known for building memorials in India.

Additional Structures (Page 10): Additional Structures

• MM Rana: Known for work in India and a variety of structures throughout the region.

• Kuldip Singh: Known for his work in India and across architectural styles and buildings in the country..

• PN Mathur : Known for work in India and across several architectural projects throughout Indian locations

• Ranjeet Sabhiki: Known for work in India and across a variety of structures and buildings across the country.

• Sharat Das: Known for work in India and across their multiple locations in India.

• Melton Bekker: Known for working on several large hotels and hotels in India, along with other architectural styles.

• Aditya Prakash: Known for work that spans across hotels, restaurants and theater projects throughout India..

• Hashmukh Patel: Known for their work throughout India in various projects and locations.

• James Meadows: Known for work in Kolkata, India.

• William Emerson: Also known for his work on a variety of structures in Kolkata.

• Uttam C Jain: Known for a wide range of institutions and architectural styles across India.

• Ashish Gunfu: Known for their work at and with hospitals, institutions, and residential locations throughout India..

Additional Structures (Page 11): Additional Structures

• Frank Gehry: Known for architectural works in Spain, LA, and several other locations.

• Zaha Hadid: Known for bridges, opera houses, and other designs across various countries, including China, and the UK for the Aquatics Centre.

• Frank Lloyd Wright: Known for several buildings and homes across multiple countries, including India.

• Le Corbusier: Known internationally for his modern style of architecture that spans across various countries, including India.

• Mies van der Rohe: Known for various buildings throughout the world, including one in the U.S.

• Philip Johnson: Known for various buildings and work across multiple countries, including one project in India.

• Santiago Calatrava: An architect known internationally, with projects located across several different countries. His work also spans across buildings and other large scale structures which can be located across diverse locations.

• Alvar Aalto: Known as a modern architect, who has projects in the U.S. and across other international locations.

• Daniel Libeskind: Internationally known for his design work across multiple architectural styles.

• Louis Sullivan: Internationally known architect, who developed many architectural buildings that spanned across multiple countries.

• Rem Koolhaas: Known internationally for his numerous projects, ranging across buildings and other major structures throughout the world.

• James Hoban: Known internationally across the world for creating important and historically acclaimed buildings across the entire globe.

• Gustav Eiffel: Known for structures like the Eiffel Tower throughout various parts of the world, including the design for the iconic Eiffel Tower in France

• Jørn Utzon: Known for the Sydney Opera House design, and other works that include homes and important structures throughout the world.

• Moshe Safdie: Renowned for work across buildings and structures located across multiple countries throughout the world.

Additional Structures (Page 12): Philosophy

• Louis Sullivan: "Form follows function"

• Le Corbusier: Father of Modern Architecture

• Frank Lloyd Wright: Father of Organic Architecture

• Frank Gehry: Pioneer of Deconstructivism

• Antonio Sant’Elia: Pioneer of Futurism

• Norman Foster: Father of High-Tech Architecture

• Mies van der Rohe: Father of Minimalist Architecture

• Robert Venturi: Father of Postmodern Architecture

• Ken Yeang: Father of Sustainable Architecture

• Zaha Hadid: Queen of Curves, Deconstructivist Icon

• I.M. Pei: Master of Modernist Landmarks

• Oscar Niemeyer: Pioneer of Modern Brazilian Architecture

• Walter Gropius: Founder of Bauhaus Movement

Additional Structures (Page 13): Indian Historical Structures

• Qutub Minar: An Indo-Islamic tower in Delhi. Constructed of red sandstone and marble

• Red Fort: A Mughal-era fort in Delhi, made of red sandstone

• Humayun's Tomb: A Mughal-era tomb in Delhi, using Persian style red sandstone.

• India Gate: A structure in Delhi built for the fallen soldiers of World War 1.

• Lotus Temple: An architectural monument in Delhi, built from white marble

• Jama Masjid: A large mosque in Delhi, in red sandstone, and white marble.

• Safdarjung Tomb: A Mughal-era tomb in Delhi, using Persian and Indian architectural styles

• Old Fort: A section of Delhi featuring Mughal-era architecture. Using materials such as red sandstone

• Fatehpur Sikri: A historic Mughal-era monument in Agra

• Agra Fort: An ancient fort in Agra showing Indo-Islamic design

• Sanchi Stupa A Buddhist monument in Madhya Pradesh, India

Additional Structures (Page 14)

• Khajuraho Temple: A temple complex in Madhya Pradesh, using sandstone

• Gwalior Fort: A fort complex in Gwalior showing evidence of multiple styles and periods of construction

• Hawa Mahal: A palace in Jaipur, noted for its unique design.

• Charminar: A historical monument in Hyderabad

• Hampi Monument: A group of historic monuments in Karnataka.

• CST/Victoria Terminus: A railway station in Mumbai and examples of historic, and Victorian Gothic architecture

• Dilwara Temple: A Jain temple in Rajasthan, known for its use of marble

• Jantar Mantar: A collection of astronomical instruments in Delhi

• Konark Sun Temple: A remarkable temple in Odisha, using traditional construction techniques.

• Meenakshi Temple: A South Indian temple in Madurai, showing the complex and detailed styles of South Indian temples

Additional Structures (Page 15): UNESCO

• Ajanta Caves: Buddhist cave carvings in Aurangabad, Maharashtra.

• CST (Chatrapati Shivaji Terminus): A significant railway station in Mumbai, showing historic architecture.

• Elephanta Caves: Cave carvings in Mumbai built in historical times

• Ellora Caves: A large rock-cut temple complex in Aurangabad that shows use of stone

• Victorian Gothic & Art Deco Ensembles: Historic buildings in particular areas in Mumbai.

• Taj Mahal : An important monument in Agra built primarily from white marble

• Agra Fort : Displays Indo-Islamic architecture and was built in several parts and stages

• Fatehpur Sikri: A historical Mughal-era structure utilizing red sandstone. Features multiple architectural styles, showcasing a rich history

Additional Structures (Page 16): Historical Monuments And Structures

• Sanchi Stupa: A historic buddhist structure in Madhya Pradesh utilizing various materials

• Khajuraho Group of Monuments: A collection of monuments located in Madhya Pradesh, showcasing specific unique styles

• Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka: Historical carvings of ancient people located in Madhya Pradesh showing prehistorical carvings.

• Humanyun's Tomb: Tomb in Delhi utilizing multiple ancient styles, including Islamic, and other materials.

• Qtub Minar Complex: A historical structure/complex in Delhi.

• Red Fort Complex: A large fort complex in Delhi using materials like red stone to represent historical significance

• Keoladeo National Park: A bird sanctuary in Rajasthan

• Hill Forts of Rajasthan: A collection of historic forts in Rajasthan. Located in various locations across the region.

Additional Structures (Page 17): Historical Monuments, City Planning and Structures

• Jantar Mantar: An astronomical observatory in Jaipur. Utilized to view various stars, and other celestial objects

• Champaner - Pavagadh Archeological Park: A historic park in Gujarat with fortifications, palaces, and shrines.

• Rani ki Vav: A stepwell in Gujarat.

• Dholavira: A historic city in Gujarat on the Rann of Kutch showing excellent water management, planned streets, and extensive use of stone, and various architectural styles

• Nalanda University: A historic Buddhist University in Bihar.

• Mahabodhi Temple: One of the four major Buddhist pilgrimage sites, located in Bihar.

• Group of Monuments at Mahabalipuram: Historical structures in Tamil Nadu, a significant port city used for trade and trading.

Additional Structures (Page 18): Historical Monuments and Structures

• Group of Monuments at Hampi: A sprawling complex in Karnataka.

• Konark Sun Temple: A major temple complex in Odisha

• Church and Convent of Goa (Basilica of Bom Jesus): A historic church in Goa, showing significant Indo-islamic style using granite and other local materials

• Works of Le Corbusier: Le Corbusier's architectural designs, including the Capitol Complex in Chandigarh.

• Kakatiya Rudreshwara Temple: A historical temple showing various architectural styles, located in Telangana

• Scared Ensembles of the Hoyasala: A group of temples, showcasing a specific style in South India.

• Mountain Railways of India : Systems of mountain railway systems in India which have and continue to be used in the locations across the country

• MOIDAMS (Added in 2024):

World Superlatives (Page 19)

• Lists of world famous structures of major size and significance

Indian Superlatives (Page 20)

• Lists of famous sites, buildings, structures and temples, and other major components for which India is known across the region

Famous Structures (Page 20-21)

• Lists of significant structures and buildings

Non-Famous Structures (Page 21)

• Lists of less-popular but historically significant structures located around India and other parts of the world.

Gardens X Details (Page 22): Types of Gardens

• Lists the details of various gardens across the various architectural styles

Architecture Style (Page 23): Styles of Buildings and Structures

• Provides a high level representation of various styles of architecture around the world.

Styles of Structures (Page 24): Architectural Styles

• Details various styles of buildings and structures like Byzantine, Romanesque, Gothic, Renaissance, and Beaux-Arts.

Architectural Styles, Software, and Famous Architects and Structures (Page 25): Famous Structures, and Software Used

• Provides listings of buildings, famous architects, and software used by architects.

World/Indian Civilizations (Page 26): Historical Civilizations

• Provides details of various historical civilizations and their architectural practices

Hindu Dynasties (Page 27): Details of Dynasties

• Information about Hindu dynasties and their temple styles

Islamic Dynasties (Page 28): Details of Dynasties

• Information about Islamic dynasties and their architectural styles

Islamic Dynasties (Page 29): Additional Details of Dynasties

• More detailed information on the dynastic styles in India

India Basics and Superlatives (Page 30-31): Basic Info and Superlatives

• Basic data about India, and superlatives (largest, highest, etc.)

World Superlatives (Page 32): Superlatives around the World

• Information about superlative features in the world

Gardens X Places (Page 33): Gardens

• Information about gardens across various locations.

Forts (Page 34): Forts

• Information about various forts across India

Educational Institutes & Churches (Page 35): Education and Religious Buildings

• Information about universities and churches

SI Units, Scientists, and Statues (Page 36-37): Various Subjects

• Information about SI units, famous scientists, and statues