Youth Criminal Justice Overview

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Questions and Answers

What age group does the Youth Criminal Justice Act prohibit from receiving adult sentences?

16 to 18 years old

12 to 14 years old (correct)

Under 12 years old

14 to 16 years old

Which factor does NOT influence the consequences for a young offender?

Seriousness of the offence

Public opinion (correct)

Circumstances of the young person

History of the young person

What type of evidence does the defense present in a trial?

Character evidence of the jurors

Testimonies from witnesses of the prosecution

Evidence that supports the guilt of the accused

Evidence that demonstrates the accused's innocence (correct)

Which of the following is a role of justice advocacy groups?

To educate the public and improve fairness in the justice system Signup and view all the answers

Who is specifically supported by the Elizabeth Fry Society?

Women and girls Signup and view all the answers

What does a youth justice committee emphasize in its approach to justice?

Community involvement and restorative justice Signup and view all the answers

How many jurors are required for a unanimous decision in a trial?

12 jurors Signup and view all the answers

What does the concept of 'sequester' refer to in a legal context?

To remove jurors from contact with outsiders Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of maintaining a positive attitude in learning?

To reflect on existing knowledge and abilities Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of a labour union?

To protect workers’ rights and interests Signup and view all the answers

Why is it recommended to review material regularly at home?

To ensure understanding of daily content Signup and view all the answers

Who are considered collective rights holders in Canadian society?

Various specific groups such as Aboriginal peoples and Francophones Signup and view all the answers

Which study strategy involves starting with the most challenging material?

Organizing work Signup and view all the answers

What is one benefit of dividing content into small, manageable chunks?

It helps maintain motivation. Signup and view all the answers

What were the Numbered Treaties?

Historic agreements affecting the rights and identity of First Nations Signup and view all the answers

In mind-mapping, what should be placed in the center of the page?

The key word or concept Signup and view all the answers

What impact did the Indian Act of 1876 have on First Nations peoples?

It imposed rules about their lives without their consultation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a recommended method for improving concentration and energy?

Professional tutoring Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant outcome of the Residential Schools established in 1879?

They led to the loss of children's connections to their languages and cultures Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using index cards as a memorization technique?

To quiz oneself on key concepts Signup and view all the answers

If you learn best by movement and manipulation, which of the following strategies is most beneficial?

Engaging in physical activities Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the Senate in Canada?

To propose bills and consider those passed by the HOC Signup and view all the answers

Who appoints the members of the Senate in Canada?

The Prime Minister Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Supreme Court in Canada?

Act as the highest court and check other branches Signup and view all the answers

What type of approach does a fair and equitable justice system take?

Application of laws considering individual needs and circumstances Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about lobbyists is true?

Lobbyists are required to register with the Commissioner of Lobbyists Signup and view all the answers

What unique aspect does APTN provide in Canadian media?

It allows FNMI peoples to share their stories through a dedicated network Signup and view all the answers

How is the Canadian youth justice system characterized?

It deals with individuals aged 12-17 and applies laws fairly Signup and view all the answers

Which media organization serves Francophone communities outside of Quebec?

Association de la presse francophone Signup and view all the answers

Which right allows individuals to express opinions and organize peaceful demonstrations?

Fundamental freedoms Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum frequency for voting for a new government as stated under democratic rights?

At least every five years Signup and view all the answers

Which group was historically affected by the Indian Act of 1876?

First Nations Signup and view all the answers

What fundamental legal right ensures individuals are innocent until proven guilty?

Legal rights Signup and view all the answers

Which act banned businesses from opening on Sundays until its repeal in 1985?

Lord’s Day Act Signup and view all the answers

Which group experienced internment during World War I due to their identity?

Ukrainian Canadians Signup and view all the answers

What restrictions were imposed under the No-Fly List implemented in 2007?

Bans on specific individuals from traveling by air Signup and view all the answers

What rights are provided to individuals to move and earn a living anywhere within Canada?

Mobility rights Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary intention of a boycott?

To stop buying a product for change Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes public health care?

Funded by taxes Signup and view all the answers

Which marketing technique uses emotional language to influence consumers?

Emotional appeal Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant result of collective bargaining?

Improved negotiating power for workers Signup and view all the answers

What does income tax depend on?

Percentage of income earned Signup and view all the answers

Which type of tax is collected when a product is purchased?

Goods and services tax (GST) Signup and view all the answers

What drives the bandwagon effect in marketing?

Perception that everyone else is buying Signup and view all the answers

What is the main benefit of health insurance?

It covers health services for a fee paid monthly or yearly Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

School Success

Maintain a positive attitude and growth mindset; reflect on existing knowledge and skills.
Be prepared to learn; always bring necessary materials.
Complete all assignments, even if not for marks; practice leads to improvement.
Set small, achievable goals; avoid trying to do everything at once.
Review material daily; ensure understanding of the day's content.
Ask your teacher for help; teachers are available to assist.
Prioritize rest, exercise, and a balanced diet; good sleep, physical activity, and healthy food improve concentration and energy.

Know Your Learning Style

Visual learners: learn best by looking at and working with pictures, good at puzzles, imagining things, and reading maps/charts.
Auditory learners: learn best by saying, hearing, and seeing words; good at memorizing dates, places, names, and facts.
Kinesthetic learners: learn best by touching, moving, and figuring things out using manipulatives; good at physical activities and learning through movement.

Studying Tips

Organize work, starting with challenging material first.
Divide content into manageable chunks.
Alternate between different subjects to maintain motivation.
Begin each study session with a quick review of previously covered material.

Mind-Mapping (Webbing)

Write the key concept in the center of the page.
Write down related facts, ideas, and events, linking them to the central concept with lines.
Use colors or symbols to emphasize different pieces.

Index Cards

Write a keyword or question on one side of the card.
Write the definition or answer on the reverse side.

Memorization Techniques

Association: relate new learning to something you already know.
Mnemonic devices: create sentences to remember a group of items.
Acronyms: use the first letters of words to form a new word.
Visualizing: try to see a diagram, chart, list, map, or sentence the way it appears in your notes.

Multiple Choice Strategies

Read the questions before the sources.
Do not pick answers with unfamiliar words.
Eliminate distractors (cross them out).
Choose the best answer, not necessarily the "correct" one.
Reread the exam and use the given time.
Do not change your answers unless extremely confident.

Chapter 1: Canada's Federal System

Government: the body with power to make decisions for a society.
Governance: the process of governing (making decisions as a government and putting decisions into action).
Constitution: describes governance in Canada; sets roles of governor general and the 3 branches of government; describes decision-making authority.
Monarch of Britain: represented in Canada by the governor general, formal head of state, not actively involved in Canadian government.
Executive Branch: proposes and puts laws into action, led by the Prime Minister and the Cabinet.
Legislative Branch: makes laws, represents regions' interests (House of Commons, Senate).
Judicial Branch: applies and interprets laws (Supreme Court, Provincial/Territorial Courts).
Majority Government: a political party winning a majority of seats in the House of Commons.
Minority Government: a political party winning the most seats but not a majority.
Supreme Court: highest court in Canada.
Law-making steps (House of Commons/Senate): First Reading, Second Reading, Committee Stage, Report Stage, Third Reading, Royal Assent.

Chapter 2: Canada's Youth Justice System

Fair and Equitable: governed by rules that apply equally to all, taking individual needs and circumstances into account.
Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA): deals with 12-17 year olds; allows some to face consequences like counselling, community service, etc.; prohibits adult sentences for 12-14, allows them for 14+ with serious crimes; protects privacy; allows most to avoid criminal record.
Factors determining consequences: seriousness of offence, history of offender, attitude, circumstances.
Objectives of YCJA: prevent crime by addressing the circumstances underlying behaviour; rehabilitate and reintegrate those who commit offences; ensure meaningful consequences.

Chapter 3: Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms - Individual Rights

Fundamental freedoms: express opinions, choose religion, peaceful meetings/demonstrations, association.
Democratic rights: vote for MPs, new government every 5 years.
Mobility rights: move anywhere in Canada, earn a living, enter/leave/stay in Canada.
Legal rights: free from unreasonable imprisonment/search and seizure, fair trial (innocent until proven guilty).
Equality rights: free from discrimination based on race, religion, gender, age, disability.
Case Studies (1): First Nations and the Indian Act(1876), Canadian women and the right to vote(1918)
Case Studies (2): Internment of Ukrainian Canadians(1914), Internment of Italian Canadians(1940), Internment of Japanese Canadians(1941).

Chapter 4: Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms – Collective Rights

Affirm: to validate and express commitment to something.
Collective identity: shared identity of a group.
Collective rights: rights guaranteed to specific groups (First Nations, Métis, Inuit, Francophones, Anglophones) in Canadian society.
Legislation and Collective Rights: (Indian Act, Historic and Modern Treaties, Manitoba Act, Canada's Constitution).

Chapter 5: Immigration

Immigration and Refugee Protection Act (IRPA): establishes categories of those who can come to Canada for permanent residence.
Immigration Categories (2006): Refugees (13%), Family Class (28%), Economic Immigrants (55%) Others (4%).
Objectives of IRPA: save lives and offer protection to people who are displaced or persecuted; fulfill and affirm Canada's international commitments to protect refugees.

Chapter 6: Economic Systems

Economics: the production, distribution, and consumption of goods/services within a society.
Economic Systems: ways societies organize production, distribution, and consumption.
Economy: resources and processes involved in production, distribution, and consumption.
Basic Economic Questions: What is needed/wanted? How will it be produced? Who will get it?
Factors of Production: Land, Labour, Capital, Entrepreneurship.
Economic Continuum: Positions on a continuum from planned economy (more government involvement) to market economy (less government involvement).
Crown Corporations: Companies owned by the Canadian government to offer products/services to Canadians.
Market economy principles: Competition (rivalry among producers to sell products to consumers), Supply and Demand (relationship connected by cause and effect related to price).
Equilibrium: (state of balance between supply and demand).

Chapter 7: Consumerism

Consumerism: An economic and social system encouraging goods/service consumption to achieve well-being.
Factors Affecting Consumer Behaviour: Identity (values), Health & Safety (laws, warnings), Jobs (choices, employment), Environment (effects on air, water, land), Marketing (advertising).
Marketing Techniques: Bandwagon effect, Emotional appeal, Glittering generalities, Plain folks appeal, Scientific appeal, Testimonials.
Boycott: Decision of consumers to stop buying a product to bring about change.

Health Insurance: Agreement by companies to pay for health services in exchange for monthly/annual fees. Benefits include profit made from difference between service cost and fee collected. Includes private health care (funded by individual) and public health care (funded by taxes).
Social Programs (e.g., Canada Health Act, Canada Pension Plan, Employment Insurance): Purpose is to support those who are ill or struggling. Underlying value is collectivism.
Types of taxes: Goods and services tax (GST), federal sales tax; Income tax (based on income percentage); Sales tax (paid at time of purchase, based on percentage).
Taxation models: taxation policies of political parties/governments. Includes tax evasion (not reporting economic activity), Underground economy/Black Market (illegal economic activity).

Chapter 9: Political and Economic Issues

Climate Change: Long-term shifts in temperatures and weather patterns, due to GHG build-up.
Kyoto Protocol: Agreement between countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Political Platforms: Official policies of political parties that reflect the issues they care about; used to gain voter support.

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Description

This quiz covers key concepts from the Youth Criminal Justice Act, the roles of justice advocacy groups, and various legal definitions. It also explores study strategies that enhance learning and the importance of collective rights in Canadian society. Test your knowledge on these essential topics related to youth justice and learning techniques.