Yorkshire Folklore Creatures Quiz & Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What did Darwin use to kill the fox on Chiloe Island?

A knife

A geological hammer (correct)

His bare hands

A gun

Why was the fox not wary of humans?

It was a very friendly fox

It was a very old and slow fox

It was a baby fox

It had never seen humans before (correct)

How did Darwin represent different rock types in his Geological observations on South America?

He used different textures

He used different symbols

He used different labels

He used different colors (correct)

What caused the city of Concepcion to be destroyed?

An earthquake Signup and view all the answers

What did Darwin observe about the direction of earthquakes?

Earthquakes occurred in one direction Signup and view all the answers

What did Darwin observe about the land after the earthquake?

The land had risen Signup and view all the answers

What was Darwin's initial belief about nature, based on the text?

Nature is a harmonious one, as seen from Paley's perspective Signup and view all the answers

What method used by farmers is identical to natural selection, according to the text?

Selective breeding Signup and view all the answers

What was the key idea proposed by Thomas Malthus in his controversial book on population?

Population growth should be limited through moral restraint and not helping the poor Signup and view all the answers

What was the reason why Darwin's survival of the fittest theory was not influenced by Malthus's political ideas?

Malthus's political ideas were not relevant to Darwin's biological research Signup and view all the answers

What is the key question raised in the text regarding the rapid population growth of animals and the lack of overpopulation?

Why does rapid population growth of animals not result in overpopulation? Signup and view all the answers

What are the three principles that Darwin summarized his theory of evolution by natural selection with, according to the text?

The text does not provide the three principles Darwin summarized his theory with. Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the key factors determining who lives and who dies according to the text?

Genetic variations Signup and view all the answers

Which principle emphasizes reproducing by large numbers to ensure survival of some offspring?

Malthusian principle of growth Signup and view all the answers

What is relative when it comes to adaptation?

Environmental suitability Signup and view all the answers

What influences the process of adaptation, making it contingent according to the text?

Potential variation pool Signup and view all the answers

Which factor plays a crucial role in determining the direction of evolution according to the text?

Selection based on circumstances Signup and view all the answers

Who discovered evolution besides Darwin, as mentioned in the text?

Alfred Russel Wallace Signup and view all the answers

What was notable about Wallace's collection in Singapore?

It was the most systematic and comprehensive collection of its time. Signup and view all the answers

How did Wallace's interests differ from Darwin's?

Wallace studied a narrower range of subjects, focusing primarily on animals. Signup and view all the answers

What did Wallace notice about the species he collected?

They exhibited variations within the same kind of species. Signup and view all the answers

What happened with Wallace's assistant Charles Allen?

Allen was unable to follow Wallace's instructions and decided to stay behind. Signup and view all the answers

Who became Wallace's most important and trusted assistant?

Ali Signup and view all the answers

What did Wallace do for George Rappa Jr. in Singapore?

The text does not provide any specific information about this. Signup and view all the answers

According to the passage, what were snake stones believed to be in Yorkshire folklore?

Fossilized bodies of snakes turned to stone by Saint Hilda Signup and view all the answers

What did Nicolas Steno argue that tongue stones were in fact?

Teeth of a shark Signup and view all the answers

What evidence did the fossils of tongue stones show, according to the passage?

They were undistorted and from an earlier period Signup and view all the answers

What did the frequent lack of identity between fossils and living species conflict with, according to the passage?

The organic theory Signup and view all the answers

What did the existence of extinct species in the fossil record suggest, according to the passage?

That the original creation was imperfect and incomplete Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Darwin's Observations and Experiences

Darwin killed a fox on Chiloe Island using a gun.
The fox was not wary of humans due to lack of prior human interaction, indicating a different ecological context.
In geological observations, Darwin represented different rock types through diagrams that showcased their stratification and distribution.

Natural Disasters and Their Impact

The city of Concepcion was destroyed by a massive earthquake in 1835.
Darwin noted that earthquakes tended to move land upwards, leading to observable changes in the landscape.
After the earthquake, Darwin observed significant land deformation, including raised beaches and new coastal features.

Theories of Evolution and Natural Selection

Darwin's initial belief about nature revolved around harmony and balance, contrasting the competitive nature he later observed.
The farming method of selective breeding parallels natural selection, where specific traits are chosen for reproduction.
Thomas Malthus proposed that population growth would outstrip resources, leading to struggle and competition.

Population Dynamics and Natural Selection

Darwin’s theory of survival of the fittest was crafted independently of Malthus's political ideas, focusing on biological cases instead.
A key question raised was why rapid animal population growth did not lead to overpopulation, despite available resources.
Darwin summarized his theory through three principles: variation among individuals, inheritance of traits, and competition for limited resources.

Factors Shaping Evolutionary Outcomes

One key factor determining survival is environmental conditions, influencing the capability to adapt.
The principle of producing large numbers of offspring ensures that some will survive despite natural challenges.
Adaptation is relative; what is advantageous in one environment may be detrimental in another.

Influences on Adaptation and Evolution

Adaptation is influenced by environmental factors, making it contingent upon circumstances rather than being a fixed trait.
The direction of evolution is heavily determined by natural selection pressures and environmental changes.

Contributions of Other Evolutionary Thinkers

Alfred Russel Wallace independently discovered principles of evolution alongside Darwin.
Wallace’s collection in Singapore included a diverse range of species, demonstrating biogeographical distribution.
Unlike Darwin, who focused on broader biological concepts, Wallace was particularly interested in the geographical implications of species variation.

Wallace's Research and Discoveries

Wallace noticed that species collected in the Amazon differed significantly from those in nearby regions, hinting at evolutionary patterns.
Charles Allen, originally Wallace's assistant, played a significant role in his work until an unfortunate incident led to a collaboration with Rappa Jr.
Wallace conducted research for George Rappa Jr. that contributed to the understanding of species distribution.

Fossils and Historical Understandings

In Yorkshire folklore, snake stones were believed to be magical objects, showcasing cultural interpretations of natural phenomena.
Nicolas Steno argued that tongue stones represented fossilized remains of ancient organisms, countering folklore beliefs.
Fossil evidence from tongue stones revealed a disconnect between past organisms and living species, challenging static views of life.
The existence of extinct species in the fossil record suggested that life has undergone significant changes over time, promoting ideas of evolution.

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Description

Delve into Yorkshire folklore where snake stones were believed to be fossilized bodies of snakes turned into stone by Saint Hilda, and how tongue stones were perceived in the 17th century. Explore the intriguing stories surrounding these mysterious stones.

Yorkshire Folklore: Snake Stones and Tongue Stones