Untitled Quiz

The non-digestible component of food that reaches the colon undigested.

Dietary fiber components used as nutrients by beneficial gut bacteria.

Live microorganisms that, when consumed in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host.

Foods that contain both probiotics and prebiotics.

The need for a universally accepted and valid method for measuring fiber content in foods given its complexity.

High-fiber diets are linked to a lower risk of certain diseases, such as colon cancer and cardiovascular disease.

The difficulty of standardizing fiber measurement due to the diverse nature of dietary fiber's components.

Populations with high fiber consumption showed a lower risk of certain diseases compared to those with lower fiber consumption, especially colon and cardiovascular diseases.

The initial gut microbiome is shaped by birth method (natural vs. Cesarean), feeding type (breast milk vs. formula), and subsequent exposure to food.

Introducing diverse foods gradually changes the gut microbiome, with diet, food preparation, and prior illnesses impacting the developing ecosystem.

A complex and abundant gut ecosystem influenced by lifestyle, diet composition and preparation, and potential illnesses or medication use.

Nutrition plays a key role in shaping the gut microbiome across different life stages, from infancy to adulthood.

Age, diet, interactions within the gut microbiota, lifestyle, illness (infectious diseases), and treatments (like antibiotics) are key variables influencing the composition of the gut.

FOS (Fructooligosaccharides) are prebiotics, but their consumption may worsen inflammation in people with intestinal issues.

Avoiding wheat can reduce bloating, but simply because it reduces prebiotic intake such as FOS.

Chicory root is a major source of inulin and oligofructan, but other foods like asparagus and onions contain them too.

100g concentration of a food doesn't reflect the actual intake from a real meal. The actual amount eaten is more important.

A varied diet provides sufficient prebiotics, so supplements are not always needed.

A diet higher in inulin showed a significant increase in beneficial Bifidobacteria in a study.

Dietary changes can modify the composition of gut bacteria, positively or negatively depending on many individual metabolic factors.

A diet including inulin was linked to a decrease in harmful bacteria (like Bacteroides, Fusobacteria, and Clostridia) in a study.

Probiotics compete with pathogens for nutrients, produce antimicrobial compounds, and modify the gut environment to hinder pathogen growth.

Probiotics can lower the gut's acidity, hindering the growth of bacteria thriving in higher pH environments.

Probiotics can outcompete pathogens for binding sites on intestinal cells, thereby preventing pathogen colonization.

Certain probiotics can aggregate with pathogens, preventing them from adhering to the intestinal lining.

Obese individuals often have altered gut microflora compositions compared to those with normal weight.

These are two major groups of bacteria in the gut microbiome, and their ratio is often altered in obese individuals.

Obesity can disrupt gut microbial balance, potentially affecting nutrient extraction and energy regulation within the gut.

Lattobacilli produce compounds like hydrogen peroxide and bacteriocins which have antimicrobial properties.

Fiber has a low caloric value (1.5-3 kcal/gram), but its impact on weight gain is not solely determined by this value.

Some theories suggest substances released by beneficial gut microbes might promote fat storage (biosynthesis of fatty acids and triglycerides).

EFSA (European Food Safety Authority) cautions against claiming general health benefits, particularly focusing on increasing specific bacteria types.

A balanced gut microbiome usually comprises beneficial bacteria, yet may also include potentially harmful ones, and is particularly important in the presence of microbial imbalance.

EFSA has disputed claims that Lactobacillus Casei Shirota strengthens the immune system.

Cautious consideration is needed when consuming probiotics, as potential infections can occur despite the beneficial effects.

Gut inflammation can lead to insulin resistance, encouraging the body to produce more insulin and potentially fostering an anabolic state.

EFSA determines what companies can claim about probiotic products to avoid misleading and exaggerated statements.

Substances that promote DNA repair or inhibit damage, potentially preventing cancer.

The uncontrolled cell division that leads to the formation of a tumor.

Spread of the tumor to distant organs (metastasis).

Substances that reduce the chance of developing cancer, often by preventing or disabling harmful processes.

A large class of plant compounds, with over 5000 different molecules.

A type of flavonoid lacking sugar molecules, already prepared for absorption.

The aglycone form of anthocyanins, the part that is absorbed.

Substances that can cause cancer, sometimes becoming more harmful during metabolic processes.