Philo Heidegger

Phenomenology

• Phenomenology is the philosophical study of subjectivity and reality as experienced.
• It investigates universal consciousness features without assuming external world truths.
• Aims to describe phenomena as they appear to the subject.
• Explores the meaning and significance of lived experiences.

Hermeneutics

• Hermeneutics is the theory and method of interpretation especially of biblical texts, wisdom literature, and philosophical texts.
• It may involve understanding and communication skills, as needed.

Phenomenology Types

• Hermeneutical Phenomenology: Reflects on lived experiences, interpreted by the researcher.
• Transcendental Phenomenology: Focuses less on researcher interpretation, more on describing participant experiences.

Husserl vs. Heidegger

• Husserl's Transcendental Approach:

  • Direct approach, detached observer.
  • Aims to get inside subjects' heads (understand subjective experiences accurately).
  • Focuses on encouraging subjects to reflect for deeper understanding.
  • Seeks both subjective and objective understanding.
  • Uses rational thinking.

• Heidegger's Hermeneutic Approach:

  • Indirect approach, connected and involved observer.
  • Focuses on shared experiences.
  • Captures unreflective activity through field notes.
  • Uses language as a tool.
  • Uses intuitive thinking.

Martin Heidegger

• German philosopher known for contributions to phenomenology, hermeneutics, and existentialism.
• Highly influential 20th-century philosopher.

Dasein

• Definition: A German term meaning "being there," viewed in the context of human existence within the world.

Characteristics of Dasein

• Human beings exist within a world; they are not isolated.
• Human beings have self-definitions, derived from their existence within the world.

Involvement or Engagement of Dasein

• Being Alongside (Care): Involvement characterized by utility. Objects and events are seen as tools for use.
• Being With (Care): Involvement characterized by empathy and forbearance. Showing consideration to other people.

Temporality

• Human existence is bound by time.
• Human beings have a past, present, and future.

Human Time and Temporality

• Past (Facticity): Unchangeable aspects of human existence.
• Present (Fallenness): State of inauthentic existence, where individuals don't make their own choices.
• Future (Existentiality): Possibilities available to individuals to define themselves moving forward.